Alfred Ajibola
- Sat, 28th December, 2019 @ 7:18: AM
Topics in Basic Science
Resources from living things Resources from animals Importance of immunization Types of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides Carbohydrates: Disaccharides and Oligosaccharides Len Academy Examination Questions for Basic Science, JSS2, 2nd Term Len Academy Examination Questions for Basic Science, JSS3, 3rd Term Len Academy Examination Questions for Basic Science, JSS3, 2nd Term Primates: Characteristics of Primates Effects of improper waste management Waste Management: Causes of waste in the society Concept of mass and weight Mineral Salts: Sources, functions and deficiencies of macronutrients Sources, functions and deficiencies of micronutrients Len Academy questions for Basic Science JSS1, second Term Len Academy mid-term test questions for Basic Science JSS1, 2nd Term Microorganisms causing food, water and air borne diseases Vector borne organisms and the diseases they cause Bones of the Human Skeleton Meaning of Drugs, Type of Drugs and Side effects of DrugsAcademic Questions in Basic Science
Vaccination involves a process of introducing pathogens or germs into a person in order to prevent such person from the diseases they cause.
A. True
B. False
With regards to the human health, foreign bodies are best regarded as _____.
A. International bodies
B. Antilators
C. Antibodies
D. Antigens
E. Antibiotics
F. Antidotes
Disease causing organisms are termed _____.
A. Pests
B. Pathogens
C. Vectors
D. Insects
E. Disease carriers
F. All the above options are correct
____ is formed from a reaction utilizing oxygen and glucose in the mitochondria of cells.
A. Galactose
B. Fructose
C. Sucrose
D. AMP
E. ADP
F. ATP
Which of the following statement is false concerning carbohydrates?
A. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only
B. Carbon has the highest ratio of the constituent elements of carbohydrates
C. All carbohydrates are sugars
D. Fructose is a carbohydrate
E. Natural milk contains lactose and it's a carbohydrate
F. Fatty foods contains high calories of energy when compared to the same quantity of carbohydrate foods
Which of the following is a class of food?
A. Water
B. Fibre
C. Roughages
D. Latex
E. Tanins
F. Wax
Brachiation is a specialized form of movement exhibited by _____.
A. Human beings
B. Babbons
C. Chameleons
D. Toads
E. Millipedes
F. Birds
_____ is a form of locomotion whereby an organism move by means of its two hind limbs.
A. Pedalism
B. Duo Pedalism
C. Double Pedalism
D. Dual Pedalism
E. Bipedalism
F. Copedalism
Waste management can be defined as the process of collecting, processing, recycling and controlling any material considered as waste.
Wastes are generated from homes, factories, market places, hospitals, schools, industries and many other places. The growth and development of nations where these wastes are prevalent will be adversely affected.
Please read on the causes of wastes in a society here.
Below are some of the effects of improper waste management:
The burning of waste materials like plastics, papers and rubber will contaminate the atmosphere with gases like carbon(II)oxide, carbon(IV)oxide and sulphur(IV)oxide.
Atmospheric pollution via the release of toxic gases will also result from biodegradable waste. This is true because biodegradable wastes are eventually broken down or decomposed by bacteria and fungi respectively.
Please read on the types of wastes here.
Also, waste may contain toxic chemicals like dioxin. Dioxin is a waste product generated from the rearing of broilers.
Understand that the pollution of the atmosphere as a result of these wastes will negatively affect humans, plants, wildlife and other living organisms.
Please read more on air pollution, it's effects and solutions here.
The pollution of water bodies by solid and liquid waste will result in the suffocation and death of aquatic organisms.
As an instance, oil spillage has been a major problem in the riverine areas (south-south region) of Nigeria. Oil spillage is prevalent here since crude oil (or petroleum) is one of the natural resources present in the south-south states of Nigeria.
You can read on the fractional distillation of petroleum here.
The decomposition of biodegradable waste will result into the release of green house gases like carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere.
In addition, human activities like combustion and burning are constantly releasing more greenhouse gases, especially carbon(IV)oxide into the atmosphere.
Please read more on greenhouse gases (through the functions of the atmosphere) here.
Excessive greenhouse gases have an adverse effect on weather conditions over a long period of time. This is so because these gases are gradually bringing about an increase in the temperature of the earth, giving rise to global warming.
Waste materials such as plastic containers, ink, oil and petroleum products will have damaging effects on the soil.
The aformentioned wastes will adversely affect the growth of plants and other organisms living in and on the soil. As a result, the soil becomes less fertile and agricutural land and its activities becomes negativity affected.
Please read on agricultural land and its uses here.
With regards to the carbon cycle, plants are the only organisms that take away carbon(IV)oxide from the atmosphere. They do this through a process termed photosynthesis.
Interestingly, plants are also the only organisms that fixes oxygen back into the atmosphere. They do this through photosynthesis.
Please read more on autotrophic nutrition (photosynthesis) here.
Note: Without atmospheric oxygen (generated by plants), humans and animals will cease to exist.
Please read on the characteristics of living organisms here.
Carcinogens are defined as substances that can cause cancer. Examples are radioactive wastes.
Radioactive wastes can be potentially damaging to humans when inhaled. They increase the formation of cancerous cells in human systems. Some may even cause leukemia, a form of blood cancer.
You can read on the classification bones (to understand how blood cells are produced).
When excess waste materials find their way into gutters and pipes, blockage of such gutters and pipes will result. Blocked gutters and drainages bring about flooding in the affected areas.
Please read on soil erosion here.
Also, stagnant waters will act as breeding sites for mosquitoes and other vectors of diseases.
Please read on vectors of diseases here.
Wastes materials found in neighborhoods serve as homes to pest and pathogens. These pathogens will in turn cause diseases in the long run.
Please read on micro organisms causing food, air and water borne diseases here.
As an instance, lasa fever is a disease caused by pathogens carried by rodents dwelling in dirty environments.
Other diseases caused as a result of improper waste management include cholera, malaria, fever, dysentery, diarrhea and tetanus.
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Amazing facts in Basic Science
Of all animals, mosquitoes hold the record of killing most humans annually. They are responsible for the deaths of 725,000 - 1,000,000 persons yearly
Antibiotics fights and kills bacteria. However, they do nothing to a virus
All insects have six legs. However, dragonfly has six legs but can't walk
The chin is defined as the protruding part of the face below the mouth, formed by the apex of the lower lip. It is shown below:
Interestingly, humans are the only animals with chin
Ripe cranberries will bounce like a ball. For this reason, they are nicknamed 'bounceberries'. They will also float in water
Tomatoes and Avocados are fruits, not vegetables
Sweat in itself doesn't smell. The smell that accompanies sweat is actually caused by the presence of bacteria on your skin. This bacteria breaks the sweat coming out of your sweat pores down into acids, thus making it smell.
Deodorants contains alcohol and are antibacterial. They work by killing the bacteria that makes sweat smell
Chewing aspirin during a heart attack may be a life saver. This is true because the drug inhibits platelets from forming a clot that can block an artery of the heart, thus stopping a heart attack
The kneecaps of newly born babies are not made of bone. Rather, they are little bits of cartilage which ossifies (turns from cartilages to bone) from age 2 to 6
Ice cubes made with fresh water are white in color while those made with boiled water are crystal clear
NOTABLE POINTS IN Basic Science
Matter is composed of particles which can be:
Tightly packed together (as seen in solids).
Loosely packed together (as seen in liquids).
Completely separated (as seen in gases).
The movement of the particles of matter is a function of the overall kinetic energy present in them. You can think of kinetic energy as energy in motion.
An increase in the particles' vibrational, rotational or translational motion will imply an increase in temperature while a decrease in the particles motion (vibrational, rotational and translational) will mean a decrease in temperature. Based on this knowledge, we can therefore define temperature as the measure of the average kinetic energy possessed by the particles of matter.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is a score derived from a set of standardized tests developed to measure a person's cognitive abilities in relation to their age group.
IQ may also be defined as the ratio of mental age (MA) to chronological age (CA) multiplied by 100.
Below are some formulas pertaining Intelligence Quotient:
IQ = MA x 100 ÷ CA
MA = Mental age
CA = Chronological age
IQ above 100 = Brilliance
IQ that equals 100 = Average
IQ below 100 = Below Average
Among all organisms in the universe, the human brain is the most developed. This highly developed brain present in humans is the biggest factor that makes them unique from every other organism on earth.
According to research, the more folds a brain has, the more intelligent the organism possessing it will become. To this end, humans have brains with the greatest number of folds (or bumps) called gyri and grooves (or indentations) called sulci.
Waste Management can be defined as the process of collecting, processing, recycling and controlling any material considered as waste.
Improperly disposed waste litters on road sides, in land fills, gutters and ditches. They are generally bad for the following reasons:
The waste block drainages hence resulting to flooding, especially during the rainy seasons.
Please read on erosion here.
They generate bad smells which can be dangerous to health.
They constitute nuisance and eyesore.
They become homes to various disease causing organisms.
Please read on vectors of diseases here.
Wastes can be classified into various types. These are:
Biodegradable waste
Non-Biodegradable waste
Refuse
Sewage
Recyclable waste
Electronic waste
Green waste
Biomedical waste
Metabolic waste
Radioactive waste
Chemical waste
Animal product waste
Please read the explanations on the classification of wastes here
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