Relative Density of Substances and Specific Gravity

Which of the following is a fundamental quantity?

• A. Luminous Intensity

• B. Area

• C. Volume

• D. Velocity

• E. Concentration

• F. Acceleration

An object at rest will temporarily stay in its state of rest, and if the object is in uniform motion, it will temporarily move in a straight line, unless an external force acts upon it.

The above statement refers to Sir Isaac Newton's first law of motion.

• A. True

• B. False

Which of the following statement is incorrect concerning gravity?

• A. The force of gravity is generally considered the strongest force among the four forces that govern the universe

• B. Your weight changes as you travel away from the earth

• C. If we dig the earth until we get into its center, we will have no weight as a result of lack of gravity

• D. Gravity prevents us from falling off the constantly rotating earth

• E. If a hammer and a feather are dropped simultaneously in a vacuum, they will both land at the exact same time as a result of gravity

• F. Weight is always a function of gravity

Sir Isaac Newton was hit by an apple when he pondered on force, motion and gravity.

• A. True

• B. False

The movement of gaseous particles through a tiny hole is termed _____.

• A. Osmosis

• B. Diffusion

• C. Effusion

• D. Infusion

• E. Defusion

• F. Gaslusion

A lighted bulb transfers heat through a process termed _____.

• A. Conduction

• B. Convection

• C. Radiation

• D. Oxidation

• E. Reduction

• F. Electrical Induction

A measurement of how much the velocity of an object changes with time is termed _____.

• A. Displacement

• B. Acceleration

• C. Speed

• D. Momentum

• E. Velocity-Time graph

• F. Average velocity

Which of the following differentiates velocity from speed?

• A. Distance

• B. Time

• C. Momentum

• D. Inertia

• E. Direction

• F. Distance and Time

Marie Curie was the first person ever to win two Nobel prizes. She won her first Nobel price for physics in 1903, and the second for chemistry in 1911 for her work on radioactivity.

The hottest temperature ever recorded occurred in Furnace Creek Ranch, Death Valley, California, USA, at 56.7^oC or (134^oF) on July 10, 1913

A medium-sized cumulus cloud has a weight of about 80 adult elephants.

You can think of cumulus cloud as a detached, individual, cauliflower-shaped cloud often seen in fair weather conditions

The reason the Leaning Tower of Pisa is tilted is the same reason it's still standing

One quarter of an apple is filled with air and that's why they float in water

The Nobel price was named after its founder, Alfred Noble. He is a Swedish, born on October 21, 1833; and was the inventor of dynamite. He was also a a famous scientist and a successful business man.

Glass balls bounce higher than rubber balls

Every planet has its own unique gravitational force. For instance, Mars has a gravity of 3.711 m/s² while earth’s gravitational force is 9.807m/s².

When two metals are put together in space, they will stick together as if they are welded. This phenomenon is called cold welding

The fastest animal on land is cheetah. It can reach a maximum speed of about 113km per hour.

The Standard International (SI) unit for density is kilogram per cubic metre (Kg/m³).

The table below shows various substances with their densities:

Please read on density here

Force can be balanced or unbalanced.

When forces from different directions act on an object and consequently bring about the object's motion, then such forces are unbalanced.

Conversely, if theses forces bring about zero motion (static position or no movement) on the object of reference, then it's a balanced force.

In summary,

• An apple hanging on a tree (without any form of movement) has a balanced force.

• An apple falling from a tree has an unbalanced force.

If one covers a distance of 10,000 meters in 50 seconds and another covers the same distance in 5,000 seconds, we can conclude that the first person has a greater speed because he covered the same distance at a lesser time.

• Speed is defined as distance travelled per unit of time. It can also be defined as the rate of change of distance.

Speed = distance/Time

Speed is a scalar quantity since it has only magnitude. Speed does not have a direction.

In physics, motion is defined as a change in the position of an object with reference to time.

Although we sometimes sit or stand in a fixed position, that doesn’t mean motion isn’t taking place. The fact that the earth is constantly rotating implies that we are indirectly moving along with it. We can thus say that motion can be relative to some frame of reference.

In the above paragraph, the earth (constantly rotating along its axis) is our frame of reference and everything present on earth is in motion (with regard to earth as a frame of reference).

Please read on the concepts of motion and speed here

Heat is a form of energy. It cannot be lost according to the first law of Thermodynamics; rather it will be transferred. The first and second laws of thermodynamics are stated below:

• Energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can be transformed or converted from one form to another.

  1^st law of thermodynamics




• In the course of energy transfer, some energy is lost in the form of heat to the surroundings.

  2^nd law of Thermodynamics

Please read on the concept of heat transfer here