Planets can be categorized based on their composition. These include:

1. Terrestrial or Rocky Planets: They are mercury, venus, earth and mars. They are called terrestrial or rocky planets for the following reasons:

• They have a rocky and compact surface.

• They have no rings around them.

• They have a few natural satellites.

• They rotate slowly around their axis.

 

2. Gas or Jovian Planets: They include jupiter, saturn, uranus and neptune. They have the following features:

• They are called jovian planets because they are bigger in size when compared to earth.

• They are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium gas, hence the name 'gas planets' or 'gas giants'.

• They rotate rapidly.

• They have many satellites.

• They have rings around them.

Please read more on the classification of planets here.

Geography

The following rules are required for a body to become classified (or regarded) as a planet:

• It must orbit the sun.

• It does not orbit another planet. This means that it must not be a satellite.

• It must have sufficient mass which accounts for its self-gravity.

• It must assume a nearly round shape.

Please read on the planets of the solar system here.

Geography

The Standard International (SI) unit for density is kilogram per cubic metre (Kg/m³).

The table below shows various substances with their densities:

Substance	Density (Kg/m3)
Helium	0.179
Air (1atm and 20oC)	1.20
Bamboo Wood	400
Ethanol	810
Methylated Spirit	800
Benzene	900
Paraffin Wax	900
Ice	920
Water (Fresh Water)	1000

Please read on density here

Physics

Force can be balanced or unbalanced.

When forces from different directions act on an object and consequently bring about the object's motion, then such forces are unbalanced.

Conversely, if theses forces bring about zero motion (static position or no movement) on the object of reference, then it's a balanced force.

In summary,

• An apple hanging on a tree (without any form of movement) has a balanced force.

• An apple falling from a tree has an unbalanced force.

Physics

Below are characteristics of gymnosperms:

1. Their seeds have cones that protect them.

2. Sepals and petals aren't present in their cones.

3. Stigma and style are absent.

4. They do not produce fruits. Only seeds are formed.

5. Companion cells are absent.

6. Sporophyll form the cones.

7. Anther and filament are absent.

8. The ovules are not present in the ovary.

9. Gymnosperms do not possess flowers.

Please read on the anatomical differences between gymnosperms and angiosperms here

Agricultural Science

Below are the physical properties of metals:

1. They exist in solid state.

2. The have high densities.

3. They are good conductors of heat and electricity.

4. The have the ability to be polished, to glow, sparkle and reflect light.

5. They can be bent, flattened and made into sheets called foils.

6. They can be drawn into wires.

7. Iron undergoes magnetism while most metals are poorly magnetized.

8. They typical have high melting point.

9. They generally have high boiling point.

10. With the exception of lithium, sodium and potassium, most metals are generally hard.

11. They have the ability to make sound when in contact with other objects or metals.

Please read details on the physical properties of metals here

Chemistry

John Dalton is an English chemist who brought clarity into the composition of matter and the basis for their chemical reactions.

Below are Dalton's Atomic Theory:

1. All matter consists of tiny indivisible particles called atoms.

2. Atoms of the same element are identical to each other in every aspect because they have the same shape and mass, while atoms of different elements are different in all respect.

3. Atoms are indestructible and can neither be created nor destroyed.

4. Atoms of different elements can combine with each other in simple whole number ratios to form compounds.

5. Atoms of the same element share similar physical and chemical properties. They can also combine in more than one ratio to form two or more compounds.

Meanwhile, understand that the above theories of John Dalton had been modified.

Please read on Dalton's atomic theory and its modifications here

Chemistry

All human beings are entitled to a fundamental, inalienable, non-discriminatory, indivisible and universal rights which is termed human rights.

These fundamental rights of humans will allow each and every one of us to live in freedom, equality, fairness, respect, peace and justice.

There is neither discrimination nor distinction in human rights. It doesn't matter if you are are white or black, a Nigerian or a Chinese, male or female, physically challenged or physically complete, rich or poor, yoruba, igbo or hausa, christian, muslim, hindu or an atheist.

The point is: 'we all share the same human rights'.

Civic Education

Below are some of our rights as humans:

• Right to life

• Right to freedom, liberty and equality

• Right to religion and belief

• Right to food and shelter

• Right to education

• Right to a fair trial and to follow the due process of the law

• Right to be free from torture

• Right to innocence until proven guilty

• Right to belong to a country. (Right to nationality)

• Right to freedom of thought and speech

• Right to live a life free from discrimination

• Right to movement

• Right to democracy

Please read on the fundamental human rights here

Civic Education

The parable of the prodigal son as narrated by Jesus himself is one that shows God's incomprehensible mercy and love. This parable is present in the gospel of Luke 15: 11-32.

Jesus began by saying:

There was once a man who had two sons. The younger one said to him, 'Father, give me my share of the property now'. So the man divided his properties between his two sons.

Luke 15: 11-12

From the above passage, it is quite clear that the younger brother had lost interest in the family's affairs. He must have pondered in his heart the sweetness of complete independence on a life of financial abundance.

To actualize his thoughts, he had the effrontery to go to his father to request for his inheritance even though his father is fully alive and active.

Please read a detailed explanation of the parable of the prodigal son and its moral lessons here

CRS

Adam and Eve disobeyed God while in the Garden of Eden. Below are the consequences of Adam and Eve's disobedience:

• All God's creature became guilty of original sin.

• Human perfection was lost.

• God's judgement was pronounced on the snake, woman and man.

• Chaos and disorderliness came upon earth.

• Suffering, pain and death was introduced into the world.

• The first prophesy was made. 

• Clothing was made.

• Paradise was temporarily lost.

• Their disobedience brought about the relevation of Jesus Christ.

Please read a detailed explanation on the consequences of Adam and Eve's disobedience here

CRS

Ecclesiocracy is a form of government whereby religious leaders are recognized as the first citizens of a state.

The religious leaders in ecclesiocracy do not proclaim themselves as a direct instrument of divine revelation concerning laws governing the society.

A typical example of ecclesiocracy is seen in Vatican City where the pope presides as the leader of the state. However, the pope does not claim to receive direct revelation from God concerning civil laws.

The grand Ayatollah of Iran (Ali Khamenei) and president of Sudan, Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir are also considered as instances of leaders in ecclesiocracy.

It is worthy of note to state that the laws and rules governing the land in ecclesiocracy are based on religious beliefs, thus making it somewhat related to theocracy.

Government

One of the duties of the government is to make laws that govern the society. Without laws, some of the rich may oppress the poor. Similarly, some of the highly placed in the society may end up oppressing the weak without being brought to justice.

The absence of government in a society, country, nation, state or community is referred to as anarchy.

An instance of anarchy occurred in Somalia in 1991 after a dictator name Said Barre was overthrown. This made Somalia disintegrate into fractions with local warlords imposing their authority over their land.

Please read on the forms of government here

Government

Below are some of the functions of government:

• It is the role of the government to protect and defend the fundamental human rights of her citizens.

• The government maintains law and order through the law enforcement agencies. These will include the police, customs officers and other local securities.

• It is the duty of the government to generate revenue. This can be achieved through foreign trade.

• It is the responsibility of the government to maintain external relations with other countries. For this reason, the president may visit other countries for business and bilateral trade purposes. Similarly, other presidents may visit your country in this regard.

Please read on the functions of government here

Government

The flower is the reproductive organ in plants' sexual reproduction. In order to achieve a successful sexual propagation or reproduction in plants, the floral parts of the flower are utilized.

The floral parts of a flower consists of the followings:

1. Sepals

2. Petals

3. Stamen

4. Carpel

The stamen is male portion of a plant. It consists of the anther and filament.

The carpel (or pistil) is the female portion of the plant. It consists of the stigma, style and ovary.

Please read more on plants' sexual reproduction here

Agricultural Science

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