Alfred Ajibola
- 22nd May, 2026 @ 05:02 AM
Topics in Basic Science
Classifications of Drugs, Sources of Drugs and Drug Abuse Teeth, Structure of the Tooth, Dentition and Dental Care Balanced Diet, Classes of Food and their Importance Classes of Food, their Composition and Functions Nutrition: Types and Class of Food Cleanliness of parts of the body Family Health and Personal Cleanliness Behaviors and Feelings during Adolescence Pubertal changes in Boys and Girls Classification and Uses of Rubber Characteristics, Classification and Uses of Plastics Cement: Composition, Types and Uses of Cement Types, Properties and Uses of Ceramics Properties and Uses of Nonmetals Safety Devices: Examples and Uses of Safety Devices Accident Prevention Techniques and Safety Rules Safety Precautions for Pedestrians, Cyclists and Motorists Technology: Benefits of Technology Alloys: Types, Composition and Uses of Alloys Ferrous and Non-Ferrous MetalsAcademic Questions in Basic Science
Which of the following diseases is associated with river blindness?
A. Anthrax
B. Lawnmower Disease
C. Onchocerciasis
D. Devil's Crunch
E. Trypanosomiasis
F. Tularemia
The vector for yellow fever is _____.
A. Aedes Mosquito
B. Female Anopheles Mosquito
C. Plasmodium
D. Flavivirus
E. Black Fly
F. Bacillus Anthracis
The bones of the head and face make up the skull. These bones are _____ in number.
A. 12
B. 14
C. 16
D. 18
E. 20
F. 22
Bacteria are not a constituent of our environment.
A. True
B. False
Below are types of drugs. Which of these is considered as pain killers?
A. Stimulants
B. Depressants
C. Opiods and Morphine Derivatives
D. Hallucinogens
E. Anabolic Steroids
F. Cannabinoids
Which of the following statement is false concerning drugs?
A. Drugs can be inhaled
B. Drugs can be injected directly into the bloodstream
C. Drugs can be eaten
D. Drugs exist exclusively in the forms of tablets and syrups
E. Drugs can be placed under the tongue
F. Drugs can be taken with water or another liquid
Vaccination involves a process of introducing pathogens or germs into a person in order to prevent such person from the diseases they cause.
A. True
B. False
With regards to the human health, foreign bodies are best regarded as _____.
A. International bodies
B. Antilators
C. Antibodies
D. Antigens
E. Antibiotics
F. Antidotes
Safety devices refer to materials, equipment, tools, or systems designed to specifically prevent or reduce accidents, while also protecting individuals from hazards. They are often found and used in homes, offices, transportation systems, sports, and various places where work is done.
Safety devices will include the following:
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Home & Building Safety Devices
Electrical & Mechanical Safety Devices
Security Devices based on Location
Please read on safety precautions here.
Below are explanations on the examples and uses of safety devices.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) are devices worn on the body to protect against physical, chemical, biochemical and biological hazards. They include the following:
Helmets: They act as protection for the head and brain against crash, falls and impacts.
Boots: This protect the ankles, feet, toes and lower part of the leg against accidents and injuries resulting from piercing piercing tools, e.g nails and thorns. They also protect against hazardous chemicals like acids and bases.
Safety Goggles: These are worn on the face to protect the eyes from dust, chemicals, and other harmful particles.
Nose Mask: These are worn on the face to prevent the nose from inhaling harmful gases, fumes and dust.
Coveralls: Thesed are full-body protective garments used in laboratories to shield workers from chemical splashes, biological hazards, and atomic contamination. In extreme-risk workplace, coveralls typically has attached hoods and sealed seams for maximum safety.
Lab Coat: It is worn to protect personal clothing and the skin from accidental splashes. Simply put, a lab coat is considered as a removable barrier (worn on normal clothing), in order to prevent incidents of chemical spills or splashes on the body.
Hand Gloves: They function to protect the hands from electrical shocks, cuts, infections, chemicals and extreme temperatures. They protect the palms and fingers (hand).
Fire Extinguishers: They are used for putting out fires. A bucked filled with sand can also serve this purpose.
High-Visibility Clothing: These are reflective vests and jackets that ensure that construction workers and cyclists are easily seen by motorists.
Please read on accident prevention techniques here.
Home and building safety devices refer to the tools and smart systems designed and developed to protect the home, its property and occupants from unauthorized access, electrical shocks, gas leaks, fires and other home hazards.
Please read on technology in basic science here.
Home and building safety devices integrate various mechanisms such as detection, prevention, and rapid-response alerts.
Below are examples of home safety devices and their uses:
Fire, Smoke and Gas Detectors: These detectors triggers alarm that notify home owners towards a potential fire.
Carbon monoxide (CO) Detectors: They are often placed near sleeping areas, and functions to detect the colorless, odorless, and poisonous CO gas.
Heat Detectors: They detect a highly heated environment (that is, high temperatures), and will trigger an alarm to notify to home residents. This makes them ideal in high-temperature environments; for example, kitchens.
Circuit Breakers: These are home devices that prevent the burning of electrical appliances and fires by automatically cutting off power during instances of overcurrents or short circuits.
Residual Current Devices (RCDs): They instantly break the circuit in order to protect people from fatal electric shocks that may result from faulty electrical connections.
Surge Protectors: These are highly sensitive electrical appliances that detects a sudden voltage spike caused by power grid and transformer fluctuations.
Fire Suppression Devices: They include fire extinguishers to quench fires. A bucket may be filled with sand and kept at an appropriate place for this purpose.
Security Smart Locks: These are keyless devices that allow entry into buildings and homes via biometrics (fingerprints), smartphone apps, or PINs to control and log who enters the building.
Security and Closed Circuit Television (CCTV): They provide 24/7 realtime visual monitoring, including motion detection. The CCTV cameras capture live footage and transmit it instantly to dedicated screens, or connected mobile devices.
Door and Window Alarms: These are magnetic sensors that generates a loud sound (or trigger an alarm) when force is applied on a door or window.
First Aid Kits: These are crucial for saving lives during an unfortunate event of a sudden and unexpected accident. They contain essential medical supplies to treat cuts, burns, and other injuries immediately. First aid kits include adhesive bandages, antiseptics, drugs, medical tapes, hydrogen peroxide, hand sanitizer, alongside various trauma supplies.
Please read on family health in basic science here.
Note: Safety devices for travelling purposes will include sirens and satellite communications.
Safety devices for various sports will include boots, shinguards, helmets, mouth guards, face shields, chest protector, elbow and knee pads, ankle braces, etc.
Please read basic science week 6 topic for jss1 first term here.
Please read basic science scheme of work for jss1 first term here.
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Amazing facts in Basic Science
According to scientific research, if the first tear drop comes from the right eye, it’s tears of joy. If it comes from the left eye, then it is as a result of pain
Dentistry is the oldest profession in the world. This is considered true because a research conducted by the University of Bologna, Italy on a 14,000-year-old skull found that one rotten tooth in the jaw had been deliberately scoured and scraped with a dental tool
Scientific research has it that the human nose can distinguish more than a trillion different odors
Tigers have striped fur. So also is their skin
The most common wild bird in the world is native to Africa, and it's the red-billed quelea with a population estimated to be around 1.5 billion
Of all animals, mosquitoes hold the record of killing most humans annually. They are responsible for the deaths of 725,000 - 1,000,000 persons yearly
Antibiotics fights and kills bacteria. However, they do nothing to a virus
All insects have six legs. However, dragonfly has six legs but can't walk
The chin is defined as the protruding part of the face below the mouth, formed by the apex of the lower lip. It is shown below:
Interestingly, humans are the only animals with chin
Ripe cranberries will bounce like a ball. For this reason, they are nicknamed 'bounceberries'. They will also float in water
Notable points in Basic Science
We have six classes of food. These are:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats and Oils
Vitamins
Mineral Salts
Water
In humans, roughages are not classified as one of the classes of food. This is so because they aren't digested. Instead, roughages facilitate the movement of bowels in the large intestine (colon); and for this reason, they can become useful in treating constipation.
Food refers to anything that is ingested by living organisms, giving them nutrients and thus enabling them to stay alive.
As an instance, 99% of a panda's diet is bamboo. In this case, bamboo is considered as food to a panda since it provides a source of nutrient and keeps it alive. This is shown in the image below:
The only process in nature that actively enriches our atmosphere with oxygen is photosynthesis. Every other process like respiration, burning and combustion takes away oxygen from it. In addition, they introduce carbon(IV)oxide (CO2) into the atmosphere.
Photosynthesis is also the only process that takes away carbon(IV)oxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.
Photosynthesis is defined as a process by which green plants manufacture food by utilizing carbon(IV)oxide and water in the presence of sunlight.
Oxygen is given off as a by-product of photosynthesis. In regards to this, it is recommended that each person plants a tree.
Matter is composed of particles which can be:
Tightly packed together (as seen in solids).
Loosely packed together (as seen in liquids).
Completely separated (as seen in gases).
The movement of the particles of matter is a function of the overall kinetic energy present in them. You can think of kinetic energy as energy in motion.
An increase in the particles' vibrational, rotational or translational motion will imply an increase in temperature while a decrease in the particles motion (vibrational, rotational and translational) will mean a decrease in temperature. Based on this knowledge, we can therefore define temperature as the measure of the average kinetic energy possessed by the particles of matter.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is a score derived from a set of standardized tests developed to measure a person's cognitive abilities in relation to their age group.
IQ may also be defined as the ratio of mental age (MA) to chronological age (CA) multiplied by 100.
Below are some formulas pertaining Intelligence Quotient:
IQ = MA x 100 ÷ CA
MA = Mental age
CA = Chronological age
IQ above 100 = Brilliance
IQ that equals 100 = Average
IQ below 100 = Below Average