Alfred Ajibola
- 06th July, 2026 @ 02:57 PM
Topics in Basic Science
Classifications of Drugs, Sources of Drugs and Drug Abuse Teeth, Structure of the Tooth, Dentition and Dental Care Balanced Diet, Classes of Food and their Importance Classes of Food, their Composition and Functions Nutrition: Types and Class of Food Cleanliness of parts of the body Family Health and Personal Cleanliness Behaviors and Feelings during Adolescence Pubertal changes in Boys and Girls Classification and Uses of Rubber Characteristics, Classification and Uses of Plastics Cement: Composition, Types and Uses of Cement Types, Properties and Uses of Ceramics Properties and Uses of Nonmetals Safety Devices: Examples and Uses of Safety Devices Accident Prevention Techniques and Safety Rules Safety Precautions for Pedestrians, Cyclists and Motorists Technology: Benefits of Technology Alloys: Types, Composition and Uses of Alloys Ferrous and Non-Ferrous MetalsAcademic Questions in Basic Science
Which of the following diseases is associated with river blindness?
A. Anthrax
B. Lawnmower Disease
C. Onchocerciasis
D. Devil's Crunch
E. Trypanosomiasis
F. Tularemia
The vector for yellow fever is _____.
A. Aedes Mosquito
B. Female Anopheles Mosquito
C. Plasmodium
D. Flavivirus
E. Black Fly
F. Bacillus Anthracis
The bones of the head and face make up the skull. These bones are _____ in number.
A. 12
B. 14
C. 16
D. 18
E. 20
F. 22
Bacteria are not a constituent of our environment.
A. True
B. False
Below are types of drugs. Which of these is considered as pain killers?
A. Stimulants
B. Depressants
C. Opiods and Morphine Derivatives
D. Hallucinogens
E. Anabolic Steroids
F. Cannabinoids
Which of the following statement is false concerning drugs?
A. Drugs can be inhaled
B. Drugs can be injected directly into the bloodstream
C. Drugs can be eaten
D. Drugs exist exclusively in the forms of tablets and syrups
E. Drugs can be placed under the tongue
F. Drugs can be taken with water or another liquid
Vaccination involves a process of introducing pathogens or germs into a person in order to prevent such person from the diseases they cause.
A. True
B. False
With regards to the human health, foreign bodies are best regarded as _____.
A. International bodies
B. Antilators
C. Antibodies
D. Antigens
E. Antibiotics
F. Antidotes
Puberty is the stage between childhood and adulthood when a child begin to develop secondary sexual characteristics, and the ability to reproduce. In simple terms, it is the biological and physical transition period when a child's body develops into an adult, becoming capable of reproduction.
Puberty is triggered by hormones. It begins when the body begins to produce certain hormones that bring about sexual development. These hormones include oestrogen in females and testosterone in males.
Please read an introduction to the male reproductive system here.
Puberty occurs between the ages of 10 and 13 in most children. It often occurs between the ages of 8 and 12 in girls, while in boys, it occurs between the ages of 10 and 13. This is so because children grow and develop at different rates, and thus; some mature early, and some late.
The changes that accompanies puberty involves rapid growth, the development of secondary sexual characteristics, and significant emotional changes. These are shown below via the pubertal changes in boys and girls below:
You can read on cell organelles in basic science here.
The breasts begin to develop.
Growth hormone production surges and effectively doubles during puberty. In this regard, there is rapid increase in height during this period.
Appearance of hair in the armpit and pubic region.
The hips become broader; (that is, widens) and increases in width.
They begin to observe their menses, period or menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycles may commence at an irregular pattern, and can take up to 5 years before a predictable pattern is established.
The body begins to take a curved shape with narrow waist, wide hips and an increased body fat.
Appearance and disappearance of pimples on the face.
The skin produces more oil and stronger body odor, often leading to acne. Please read more on skin type and infection here.
Varying hormonal levels (oestrogen) can lead to mood swings as a result of increased irritability and varying feelings of sensitivity.
They begin to seek more independence, with tendencies to develop a stronger sense of personal identity.
They often experience sexual attractions from opposite partners.
Please read on the characteristics of living things in basic science here.
The testicles (testes) and scrotum gradually gets bigger. The penis will begin to enlarge later on. This is often the first physical sign of puberty in boys.
Growth of hair in pubic areas, chest, face and lower abdomen.
Shoulders become broader and muscle mass increases rapidly.
Voice deepens and begins to crack as a result of growth of the voice box (larynx).
They may experience spontaneous erections and the production of sperm, giving rise to 'wet dreams'. Please read on male accessory sex structures here.
Pimples begins to appear and disappear on the face.
The skin produces more oil and stronger body odor, often leading to acne.
Increased production of testosterone can cause heightened emotions, irritability, and mood swings.
They begin to seek more independence, with tendencies to develop a stronger sense of personal identity.
They often experience sexual attractions from opposite partners.
Adam's apple grows bigger. Adam's apple refers the visible bump at the front of the throat formed by the thyroid cartilage surrounding the larynx (voice box).
Please read the next topic here (Social and emotional.changes during adolescence).
Please read basic science scheme of work for jss1 first term here.
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Amazing facts in Basic Science
According to scientific research, if the first tear drop comes from the right eye, it’s tears of joy. If it comes from the left eye, then it is as a result of pain
Dentistry is the oldest profession in the world. This is considered true because a research conducted by the University of Bologna, Italy on a 14,000-year-old skull found that one rotten tooth in the jaw had been deliberately scoured and scraped with a dental tool
Scientific research has it that the human nose can distinguish more than a trillion different odors
Tigers have striped fur. So also is their skin
The most common wild bird in the world is native to Africa, and it's the red-billed quelea with a population estimated to be around 1.5 billion
Of all animals, mosquitoes hold the record of killing most humans annually. They are responsible for the deaths of 725,000 - 1,000,000 persons yearly
Antibiotics fights and kills bacteria. However, they do nothing to a virus
All insects have six legs. However, dragonfly has six legs but can't walk
The chin is defined as the protruding part of the face below the mouth, formed by the apex of the lower lip. It is shown below:
Interestingly, humans are the only animals with chin
Ripe cranberries will bounce like a ball. For this reason, they are nicknamed 'bounceberries'. They will also float in water
Notable points in Basic Science
We have six classes of food. These are:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats and Oils
Vitamins
Mineral Salts
Water
In humans, roughages are not classified as one of the classes of food. This is so because they aren't digested. Instead, roughages facilitate the movement of bowels in the large intestine (colon); and for this reason, they can become useful in treating constipation.
Food refers to anything that is ingested by living organisms, giving them nutrients and thus enabling them to stay alive.
As an instance, 99% of a panda's diet is bamboo. In this case, bamboo is considered as food to a panda since it provides a source of nutrient and keeps it alive. This is shown in the image below:
The only process in nature that actively enriches our atmosphere with oxygen is photosynthesis. Every other process like respiration, burning and combustion takes away oxygen from it. In addition, they introduce carbon(IV)oxide (CO2) into the atmosphere.
Photosynthesis is also the only process that takes away carbon(IV)oxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.
Photosynthesis is defined as a process by which green plants manufacture food by utilizing carbon(IV)oxide and water in the presence of sunlight.
Oxygen is given off as a by-product of photosynthesis. In regards to this, it is recommended that each person plants a tree.
Matter is composed of particles which can be:
Tightly packed together (as seen in solids).
Loosely packed together (as seen in liquids).
Completely separated (as seen in gases).
The movement of the particles of matter is a function of the overall kinetic energy present in them. You can think of kinetic energy as energy in motion.
An increase in the particles' vibrational, rotational or translational motion will imply an increase in temperature while a decrease in the particles motion (vibrational, rotational and translational) will mean a decrease in temperature. Based on this knowledge, we can therefore define temperature as the measure of the average kinetic energy possessed by the particles of matter.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is a score derived from a set of standardized tests developed to measure a person's cognitive abilities in relation to their age group.
IQ may also be defined as the ratio of mental age (MA) to chronological age (CA) multiplied by 100.
Below are some formulas pertaining Intelligence Quotient:
IQ = MA x 100 ÷ CA
MA = Mental age
CA = Chronological age
IQ above 100 = Brilliance
IQ that equals 100 = Average
IQ below 100 = Below Average