Alfred Ajibola
- Fri, 24th May, 2019 @ 11:43
Topics in Agricultural Science
Prevention and Control of Crop Pests Economic Importance of Crop Pests Classification of Insect Pests and their Economic Importance Agricultural Machines and their Uses Soil Erosion: Causes of Soil Erosion Ways to prevent Soil Erosion Asexual Propagation in Plants, Types and Examples Differences between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms Scheme of Work, Agricultural Science, SS1, First Term Scheme of Work, Agricultural Science, SS1, Second Term Scheme of Work, Agricultural Science, SS1, Third Term Len Academy Agric Science exam questions, JSS1, First Term Len Academy Agric Science exam questions, JSS1, First Term, part 2 Agriculture Terms - Definitions and Meanings of Agricutural Terms (P - Q) Agricultural Terms: Definition and Meanings of Agricultural Terms (P and Q), part 2 Len Academy questions for Agric Science JSS1, 2nd Term Len Academy questions for Agric Science JSS1, 2nd Term, Part 2 Roles of Government in Agriculture Agricultural pest and Crops attacked Agriculture Terms - Definitions and Meanings of Agricutural Terms (I - O)Academic Questions in Agricultural Science
Which of the following is an example of oil crop?
A. Melon
B. Rubber
C. Flax
D. Moringa
E. Ginger
F. Coffee
Concerning crops and plants, which of the following statement is incorrect?
A. All plants are not crops
B. All crops are plants
C. Cactus can be a crop
D. Corpse flower is not a plant
E. Venus flytrap is not a crop
F. All the options are correct
Which of the following is not a problem associated with agriculture?
A. Superfluous research facilities
B. Poor road network
C. Illiteracy
D. Lack of storage facilities
E. Limited mechanized farming
F. Bad government policies
The above image is a _____.
A. Hammer
B. Crowbar
C. Shear
D. Secateur
E. Bolo
F. Mallet
The agricultural tool shown in the image (above) is used for the followings except _____.
A. For cutting tree branches, weeds, and other plant materials in farmland
B. To remove dirts from the top soil
C. For harvesting crops like sugarcane
D. To clear bushes
E. For planting crops like melon
F. To dig superficial holes for the planting of seeds
Which of the following statement is false concerning soil erosion?
A. The top soil is moved from one point to another
B. Man is an agent that bring about soil erosion
C. Wind and water are natural agents of soil erosion
D. Sheet erosion is said to occur when the surface of a land is eroded at an unequal levels
E. Deforestation will increase the likehood of wind erosion
F. Rill erosion results in the formation of miniature dongas on land
The above diagram shows a _____ erosion.
A. Wind
B. Sheet
C. Rill
D. Gully
E. Landslide
F. Crooked
An instance of farming whereby a farmer uses animal and green manure as fertilizers in place of chemicals like NPK is termed _____.
A. Reformative farming
B. Alternative farming
C. Crude farming
D. Retrogressive farming
E. Non-Chemical farming
F. Agro-farming
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In agriculture, any organism capable of causing damage to crop plant is termed a pest. To understand the differences between a crop and a plant, please read on Plants versus Crops here.
The important pest of crop plants are generally put into 6 groups. These are:
Below is a table showing some insect pests, the crops they attack, the nature of damage or their economic importance and their preventive and control measures:
Pests |
Crops attacked |
Damages caused/Economic importance |
Prevention and control |
|
Aphids |
Soya-beans, Groundnuts, Cowpea and Legumes |
i. Stunted growth in plants ii. Galls, holes and spots on the plant's leave |
i. Use of insecticides ii. Uproot the infected plants |
|
Army worm |
Maize, barley and other cereals |
i. Rate of photosynthesis is reduced ii. The larva eats up the leave and stem iii. Reduced plant growth and yield |
i. Use of insecticides ii. Hand picking |
|
Bean Beetle |
Bean seeds |
i. They bore holes into bean seeds ii. They reduce the quality of stored beans iii. Reduce farmers income |
i. Proper storage of beans ii. Early harvesting iii. Fumigating stores with lindane dust or phostoxin |
|
Birds |
Rice, Maize, Sorghum, Millet |
i. They feed on grains in the field ii. They reduce the quality of produce iii. They reduce the farmer’s income |
i. Early harvesting ii. Use of scare crows iii. Early harvesting |
|
Cassava Mealy-bugs |
Cassava and other tubers like yam |
i. They twist the plant’s stem ii. Reduced rate of photosynthesis iii. Reduced amount crop produce |
i. Use of insecticides ii. Use resistant varieties iii. Early planting |
| Capsids / Cocoa mirids | Cocoa |
i. They transmit fungal diseases ii. The inject toxic saliva into plants iii. They cause staunted growth and reduce crop yield |
i. Practice regular weeding ii. Use of insecticides, e.g gammalin 20 |
|
Cotton Bollworm |
Cotton |
i. The larva feed on cotton seeds ii. They destroy the cotton lint iii. Premature fall of cotton boll |
i. Burn all debris of the cotton plant after harvesting ii. Use of insecticides |
|
Cotton strainer |
Cotton |
i.. They pierce and suck plant sap ii. They cause distortion in leaves iii. They produce toxic saliva iv. They can transmit disease |
i. Use of insecticides ii. Hand picking |
|
Green Spidermite |
Cassava, yam and cocoyam |
i.. Reduce the rate of photosynthesis ii. They feed on plant’s leaf iii. They reduce crop produce |
i. Use of insecticides ii. Biological control |
|
Leaf Beetle |
Legumes; e.g Cowpea, soya-beans and Vegetables; e.g pepper and okra |
i.. They eat up plant’s leaf ii. They reduce the yield of crop iii. Reduced rate of photosynthesis |
i. Plant seeds with resistant varieties ii. Spray with insecticides |
|
Leaf rollers |
Vegetables; e.g Tomatoes, pepper, okra |
i. Rolling and twisting of plant’s leaf ii. Reduced rate of photosynthesis iii. They reduced crop yield |
Use of insecticides like vetox 85 |
|
Monkeys |
Banana, cocoa, orange, mango |
i. They eat up the fruits ii. They reduce the quality of fruits iii. The cause losses to the farmer |
i. Shooting monkeys with guns ii. Use of traps |
|
Pod borer |
Groundnut, cowpea and soya-beans |
i. The larva make holes into pods ii. They eat up plant’s seed iii. They cause diseases to plants iv. Reduced yield of crops |
i. Practice crop rotation ii. Practice early harvesting iii. Spray with insecticides |
|
stem borers |
Cereals like rice, maize, corn and millet |
i. Their larva bore holes into stems ii. They eat up plant’s tissues iii. Reduced plant growth iv. Reduce crop produce |
i. Use of insecticides like gammalin 20 ii. Practice early planting iii. Practice crop rotation |
|
Rodents; e.g rats, bush rabbit and squirrels |
Fruits, cassava, rice, yam |
i. They feed on crops ii. They destroy the whole plant iii. They increase the cost of production iv. Reduced plant produce |
i. Fencing farmland with wires and nets ii. Use of traps iii. Use poison baits |
|
Thrips |
Vegetables; e.g tomato, okra, onion |
i. They cause browning of leaves ii. They cause the wilting of plants iii. They reduce crop yield |
i. Use of insecticides |
|
Variegated grasshopper |
Tubers; e.g yam and cassava |
i. The larva and adult eat up the leaves and stem of plants ii. Reduced rate of photosynthesis Reduced plant growth and crop yield |
i. Spray with insecticides e.g Adrex 40 ii. Hand picking |
|
Yam beetles |
Yam |
i. They bore holes into yam tubers ii. Reduce the yield of yams iii. They reduce the quality and market value of crop |
i. Practice crop rotation ii. Spray Adrin dust on yams before planting |
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Alfred Ajibola is a Medical Biochemist, a passionate Academician with over 7 years of experience, a Versatile Writer, a Web Developer, a Cisco Certified Network Associate and a Cisco CyberOps Associate.
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Amazing facts in Agricultural Science
🥜 Peanuts 🥜 are legumes and not nuts
Although plants neither see nor hear, they can recognize their siblings and even give them preferential treatments 🤔
Squirrels do plant more 🌲 trees 🌲 (through their actions) than an average human in their lifetime. They often hide their acorns and nuts underground and forget about them 😁
🐄 Cows 🐄 have got the ability to walk up stairs, but not down stairs
A group of cows 🐄 🐄 🐄 is called a team, drove or herd.
People just prefer to call them herd
NOTABLE POINTS IN Agricultural Science
Below are some common types of erosion:
Water Erosion: It is caused by rainfall and flooding on the topsoil. As a result of water erosion, some layers of the topsoil are lost.
Sheet Erosion: When an entire surface of land becomes eroded at a uniform (equal) level, such is referred to as sheet erosion.
Wind Erosion: It results from the actions of wind on a bare land. Wind erosion is often seen in deserts. Overgrazing and lack of vegetation cover will also enhance wind erosion on topsoil.
Soil erosion is defined as a process through which the topsoil is removed or moved from one point to another by agents like wind, water, man and animals.
Soil erosion occurs naturally (wind and water) and may also be facilitated by living organisms.
Soil erosion is more likely to occur on a sloppy land and land with no vegetation cover. When this occurs, the nutrient rich layer of the topsoil is washed away; and this ultimately results in fewer plants growing on such eroded soil.
There are about 630 different kinds of carnivorous plants.
Carnivorous plants are plants that derive some or most of their nutrients by consuming small animals, especially insects.
Carnivorous plants are also referred to as insectivorous plants.
Some example of carnivorous plants include sundew and Venus flytrap.
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