Alfred Ajibola
- 01st January, 2026 @ 01:32 PM
Topics in Agricultural Science
Flowers in Plants, Functions and Pollination The Leaf, Parts and Functions of the Leaf Plant Stem, Types and Functions of the Stem Parts of a Plant: Root, Types and Functions of the Root Ranching, Advantages and Disadvantages of Ranching Ley Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Pastoral Farming: Nomadic Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Mixed Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Agroforestry: Taungya System of Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Principles and Importance of Crop Rotation Multiple Cropping, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages Continuous Cropping, Advantages and Disadvantages Mixed Cropping, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages Arable Farming: Monocropping, Advantages and Disadvantages Types of Agricutural practices in Localities: Shifting Cultivation, Advantages and Disadvantages Types of Agriculture: Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture Branches of Agriculture Meaning, History and Importance of Agriculture Agricultural Science Scheme of Work for JSS1, First Term Digestive system and stomach compartment in ruminantsAcademic Questions in Agricultural Science
The ideal pH for the optimum growth of most agricultural crop is between _____.
A. 1 – 3.5
B. 4 – 5.5
C. 6 – 7.5
D. 8 – 9.5
E. 10 – 11.5
F. 12 – 13.5
People who go about their lives by raising and herding livestock such as cattle, sheep and goats are said to practice _____.
A. Pastoralism
B. Pasturalism
C. Herding
D. Herdsmen
E. Animalism
F. Anime Farming
The act of giving birth in pigs is called _____.
A. Calving
B. Piggery
C. Kidding
D. Farrowing
E. Calfing
F. Pigging
Which of the following is not a vegetable?
A. Cashew
B. Cocumber
C. Tomatoes
D. Carrot
E. Squash
F. Eggplant
All plants are crops.
A. True
B. False
In agriculture, macronutrients are essential nutrients required by plants. Which of the following is not a macronutrient?
A. Zinc
B. Sulphur
C. Calcium
D. Phosphorus
E. Potassium
F. Magnesium
Which of the following is false concerning micronutrients?
A. They are non-essential nutrients
B. They are required by plants in minute quantities
C. Iron is a micronutrient
D. Chlorine is a micronutrient
E. Copper is a micronutrient
F. Boron is a micronutrient
_____ is a term that describes the biological, chemical and cultural control tactics employed to make pest management economical, environmentally friendly and socially acceptable.
A. Integrated Pest Management
B. Integral Pest Management
C. International Pest Management
D. Inclusive Pest Management
E. Imbibed Pest Management
F. Inclusion Pest Management
Plants are living organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. They manufacture food in the presence of sunlight through a process termed photosynthesis. They absorb the sunlight energy through the chlorophyll present in their leaves.
A plant is made of of two main systems. These are the root system and shoot system respectively. However, a flowering plant is made of four main parts or structures. These are the roots, stems, leaves and flowers respectively. These part work together towards the plant's survival.
Please read on the leaf of plants, its functions and photosynthesis here.
The parts of the plant are explained below:
The root is the part of a plant which is buried in the soil. It points towards the soil water and away from sunlight. The root and its parts are collectively called the root system.
The root system consist of the following:
Fibrous Root: This is a shallow network of many branching roots of similar size arising from the base of the stem. They typically absorb water and mineral salts that aren't too deep in the soil. Fibrous root is found in monocotyledonous crops like rice, maize, millet and grasses.
Creeping Root: This is termed as a rhizome. A rhizome is a modified horizontal and underground stem that sends out roots (into the soil) and new shoots (above the soil); making it act as an organ of asexual propagation in plants. A creeping root or rhizome is found in plants like cassava and ginger. Please read more on asexual propagation in plants here.
Adventitious Root: They grow directly from the stem (and even leaf in some plants). Simple put, adventitious roots grow from non-root tissues. It is present in crop like tomatoes, oil palm, mangrove and bamboo. The image below shows an adventitious root (and other root types).
Tap Root: This is a deep primary root that grows downward into the soil with smaller lateral roots branching from it. Tap root found in crops like carrots, beets, cocoa and coffee. You can read on crop rotation, its principles and importance here.
Storage Roots: Thes are modified taproots or fibrous roots that store food. It is found in crops like yam, potatoes, carrots, etc.
Breathing Roots: These Roots are called pneumatophores. They are typically found in swampy environments, and will often grow upwards (away from water) to allow for gaseous exchange. Examples are the mangrove plants. Please read more on swamp forests here.
Stilt Roots: They are often termed as prop roots. These are adventitious roots that grow down from branches, providing extra support to the plant. They are found in sugarcane, maize and banyan trees.
Please read on the flowers, its functions and pollination here.
It holds the plant firmly in the soil.
It helps to absort water and mineral salts from the soil into the plant.
It transports water and mineral salts to the stem. You can read on the differences between gymnosperms and angiisperms here.
It acts an an organ of asexual reproduction in plants like yam and potatoes.
It acts as a storage organ for energy rich food (that is, carbohydrate). Examples of crop whose root store food are the "root and tuber crops," e.g, yam and sweet potatoes.
Please read the continuation of this topic here.
Please read agricultural scheme of work for jss1 first term here.
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Amazing facts in Agricultural Science
Cows technically have one stomach, not four. However, a cow's stomach has four compartments. These are: rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum
Peanuts are legumes and not nuts
Although plants neither see nor hear, they can recognize their siblings and even give them preferential treatments
Squirrels do plant more trees (through their actions) than an average human in their lifetime. They often hide their acorns and nuts underground and forget about them
Cows have got the ability to walk up stairs, but not down stairs
A group of cows is called a team, drove or herd.
People just prefer to call them herd
Notable points in Agricultural Science
Below are characteristics of gymnosperms:
Their seeds have cones that protect them.
Sepals and petals aren't present in their cones.
Stigma and style are absent.
They do not produce fruits. Only seeds are formed.
Companion cells are absent.
Sporophyll form the cones.
Anther and filament are absent.
The ovules are not present in the ovary.
Gymnosperms do not possess flowers.
Please read on the anatomical differences between gymnosperms and angiosperms here
The flower is the reproductive organ in plants' sexual reproduction. In order to achieve a successful sexual propagation or reproduction in plants, the floral parts of the flower are utilized.
The floral parts of a flower consists of the followings:
Sepals
Petals
Stamen
Carpel
The stamen is male portion of a plant. It consists of the anther and filament.
The carpel (or pistil) is the female portion of the plant. It consists of the stigma, style and ovary.
An organism will be considered a pest if it does one of the followings:
Attack crops and eat its seeds, roots, stem, leaves and flowers. Examples are locust and grasshoppers.
Cause damage to stored food, fruits or other agricultural produce. Some may even urinate or deaficate on these products. Examples are rodents, cockroaches and mice.
Attack and kill farm animals like goats, sheep and cattle. Examples are foxes, wild cats and snakes.
Act as disease vectors. A vector is an organism that carries parasite and other disease causing organisms, without being affected; but when they introduce the parasites into their host, such host becomes infected with disease. Examples of vectors are rodents and mosquitoes.
Below are the classification of crops based on their uses:
Oil crops
Vegetable crops
Latex crops
Drug and Medicinal crops
Beverage crops
Fibre crops
Fruit crops
Root and Tubers
Legumes
Spices
Cereals
All crops are plants but not all plants are crops. Below are some instances:
Weeds are considered as plants, not crops.
Parasitic plants are not necessarily crops. Examples of parasitic plants include mistletoe, corpse flower and striga.
Carnivorous or insectivorous plants are not necessarily crops. Examples are sundew, venus flytrap and pitcher plant. The image below shows a carnivorous plant (venus flytrap).
Meanwhile, always understand that all crops are plants, and they are grown for food, money or something beneficial.