Alfred Ajibola
- 05th August, 2026 @ 11:38 AM
Topics in Basic Science
Classifications of Drugs, Sources of Drugs and Drug Abuse Teeth, Structure of the Tooth, Dentition and Dental Care Balanced Diet, Classes of Food and their Importance Classes of Food, their Composition and Functions Nutrition: Types and Class of Food Cleanliness of parts of the body Family Health and Personal Cleanliness Behaviors and Feelings during Adolescence Pubertal changes in Boys and Girls Classification and Uses of Rubber Characteristics, Classification and Uses of Plastics Cement: Composition, Types and Uses of Cement Types, Properties and Uses of Ceramics Properties and Uses of Nonmetals Safety Devices: Examples and Uses of Safety Devices Accident Prevention Techniques and Safety Rules Safety Precautions for Pedestrians, Cyclists and Motorists Technology: Benefits of Technology Alloys: Types, Composition and Uses of Alloys Ferrous and Non-Ferrous MetalsAcademic Questions in Basic Science
Which of the following diseases is associated with river blindness?
A. Anthrax
B. Lawnmower Disease
C. Onchocerciasis
D. Devil's Crunch
E. Trypanosomiasis
F. Tularemia
The vector for yellow fever is _____.
A. Aedes Mosquito
B. Female Anopheles Mosquito
C. Plasmodium
D. Flavivirus
E. Black Fly
F. Bacillus Anthracis
The bones of the head and face make up the skull. These bones are _____ in number.
A. 12
B. 14
C. 16
D. 18
E. 20
F. 22
Bacteria are not a constituent of our environment.
A. True
B. False
Below are types of drugs. Which of these is considered as pain killers?
A. Stimulants
B. Depressants
C. Opiods and Morphine Derivatives
D. Hallucinogens
E. Anabolic Steroids
F. Cannabinoids
Which of the following statement is false concerning drugs?
A. Drugs can be inhaled
B. Drugs can be injected directly into the bloodstream
C. Drugs can be eaten
D. Drugs exist exclusively in the forms of tablets and syrups
E. Drugs can be placed under the tongue
F. Drugs can be taken with water or another liquid
Vaccination involves a process of introducing pathogens or germs into a person in order to prevent such person from the diseases they cause.
A. True
B. False
With regards to the human health, foreign bodies are best regarded as _____.
A. International bodies
B. Antilators
C. Antibodies
D. Antigens
E. Antibiotics
F. Antidotes
Personal cleanliness (or personal hygiene) is the act of keeping oneself neat at all times. It is very crucial towards maintaining a healthy status as an individual. In this class, we will focus on the cleanliness of the following parts of the body:
Hair
Teeth
Skin
Hands and Nails
Please read on family health and personal cleanliness here.
The proper cleaning of the hair focuses more on washing the scalp, and applying the appropriate products on it. The hair growing on the scalp should also be properly washed and combed regularly.
Below are some of the ways of cleaning the hair.
Wash the scalp properly. To achieve this, soak your hair with warm water for one to two minutes, after which shampoo is massaged directly into the hair roots and scalp through the tips of the finger. It is then properly rinsed.
Regular combing of the hair can help remove ectoparasites from it. A parasite is an organism that lives on another living organism, while also getting nourishment from it without giving any good thing in return, but rather causes harm to the host organism. The organism which the parasites lives and feed on is termed the host.
If an individual's hair is overgrown, fleas and lice will easily infest it, feeding on his or her blood in the process. Therefore, an individual must either cut and brush, plait or braid his/her hair regularly.
Please read on hair infections here.
Proper cleanliness of the teeth requires brushing twice a day, flossing daily, and periodic visiting of a dentist with the ultimate goal of preventing bad breath, dental cavities, and gum disease.
Below are some of the procedures required in cleaning the teeth.
One should clean his or her teeth in the mornings after each meal, and at night before going to bed.
Regular use of a good toothbrush and toothpaste (or even with a chewing stick) to avoid tooth decay. When brushing the teeth, the outer and inner surfaces of the teeth should be cleaned, and also the tongue brushed.
Toothbrush or electric brush should be changed every three months or thereabout.
Sugary foods and drinks should be minimized in order to reduce the substrate on which harmful mouth bacteria act upon.
Dentists should be checked for professional cleaning of the teeth at least once in a year.
Please read on tooth infections, causes and prevention here.
The skin covers and protects the body. It secretes sweat which becomes sticky as it dries, and can eventually cause an unpleasant odour (when it dries) on the skin as a result of the action of micro-organisms (bacteria). Microorganisms and parasites can breed on the skin if not kept clean.
You can read on microorganisms causing food, water and air borne diseases.
Cleanliness of the skin refers to the means of removing dirt, oil, and germs using water, soap, mild cleansers, and gentle care to make the body clean and healthy.
Cleanliness of the skin helps us to avoid body odour and parasitic infections. In this regard, one should wash his or her body with soap and water at least twice daily.
Below are procedures for cleaning the skin:
Make use of a mild, hydrating soap suited to your skin type.
Do not use hot water to rinse your body during bath. Rather, always use lukewarm water as this does not cause damage to your skin.
Apply spot clearing chemicals like glycolic acid or lactate to clear pores rather than using a hard sponge.
After bath, always pat the skin with a clean, dry and soft towel rather than rubbing or scrubbing on your body.
Apply a moisturizer (suitable to your skin) while it is still slightly damp. This helps to lock in hydration.
Wash your body with soap and water, at least twice daily.
Please read on the types of skin, functions, care and skin infections here.
The hands are used to do several things. In the course of the day, they may become dirty, and as a result harbor harmful microorganisms. In this regard, one should often wash his or her hands when they arrive home. Also the hands should always be washed before and after meals, after using the toilet, and after handling dirty things.
Note: Fingernails should be kept short and clean so that bacteria will not hide under them.
Please read on the hands, nails and manicuring here.
Below are ways of caring for the hands and nails:
Always wash your hands with suitable soap and clean running water whenever you get home.
Always target the nails when washing the hands. Also, gently scrub under and around the nails using a soft nail brush with soap and water.
Always keep the nails short and trimmed. This will reduce the space beneath the nails where dirt and bacteria can hide, grow, and gain access to the body.
You can use a blunt nail pick or the flat edge of a manicure tool to clear out trapped dirt inside long nails.
Please read the next topic (family health and nutrition) in basic science here.
Please read basic science scheme of work for jss1 first term here.
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Amazing facts in Basic Science
According to scientific research, if the first tear drop comes from the right eye, it’s tears of joy. If it comes from the left eye, then it is as a result of pain
Dentistry is the oldest profession in the world. This is considered true because a research conducted by the University of Bologna, Italy on a 14,000-year-old skull found that one rotten tooth in the jaw had been deliberately scoured and scraped with a dental tool
Scientific research has it that the human nose can distinguish more than a trillion different odors
Tigers have striped fur. So also is their skin
The most common wild bird in the world is native to Africa, and it's the red-billed quelea with a population estimated to be around 1.5 billion
Of all animals, mosquitoes hold the record of killing most humans annually. They are responsible for the deaths of 725,000 - 1,000,000 persons yearly
Antibiotics fights and kills bacteria. However, they do nothing to a virus
All insects have six legs. However, dragonfly has six legs but can't walk
The chin is defined as the protruding part of the face below the mouth, formed by the apex of the lower lip. It is shown below:
Interestingly, humans are the only animals with chin
Ripe cranberries will bounce like a ball. For this reason, they are nicknamed 'bounceberries'. They will also float in water
Notable points in Basic Science
We have six classes of food. These are:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats and Oils
Vitamins
Mineral Salts
Water
In humans, roughages are not classified as one of the classes of food. This is so because they aren't digested. Instead, roughages facilitate the movement of bowels in the large intestine (colon); and for this reason, they can become useful in treating constipation.
Food refers to anything that is ingested by living organisms, giving them nutrients and thus enabling them to stay alive.
As an instance, 99% of a panda's diet is bamboo. In this case, bamboo is considered as food to a panda since it provides a source of nutrient and keeps it alive. This is shown in the image below:
The only process in nature that actively enriches our atmosphere with oxygen is photosynthesis. Every other process like respiration, burning and combustion takes away oxygen from it. In addition, they introduce carbon(IV)oxide (CO2) into the atmosphere.
Photosynthesis is also the only process that takes away carbon(IV)oxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.
Photosynthesis is defined as a process by which green plants manufacture food by utilizing carbon(IV)oxide and water in the presence of sunlight.
Oxygen is given off as a by-product of photosynthesis. In regards to this, it is recommended that each person plants a tree.
Matter is composed of particles which can be:
Tightly packed together (as seen in solids).
Loosely packed together (as seen in liquids).
Completely separated (as seen in gases).
The movement of the particles of matter is a function of the overall kinetic energy present in them. You can think of kinetic energy as energy in motion.
An increase in the particles' vibrational, rotational or translational motion will imply an increase in temperature while a decrease in the particles motion (vibrational, rotational and translational) will mean a decrease in temperature. Based on this knowledge, we can therefore define temperature as the measure of the average kinetic energy possessed by the particles of matter.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is a score derived from a set of standardized tests developed to measure a person's cognitive abilities in relation to their age group.
IQ may also be defined as the ratio of mental age (MA) to chronological age (CA) multiplied by 100.
Below are some formulas pertaining Intelligence Quotient:
IQ = MA x 100 ÷ CA
MA = Mental age
CA = Chronological age
IQ above 100 = Brilliance
IQ that equals 100 = Average
IQ below 100 = Below Average