Topics in Commerce
Historical background of commerce in Nigeria Disadvantages of barter system Contract of Employment: Terms of employment contract Principle of Marketing: People as a marketing mix and their importance Principle of Marketing: Positioning as a marketing mix Principle of Marketing: Packaging as a marketing mix Elements of promotion in marketing mix Principle of Marketing: Promotion as a marketing mix Principle of Marketing: Place as a marketing mix Principle of Marketing: Price as a marketing mix Principles of Marketing: The seven principles of marketing mix Factors necessary for division of labour Disadvantages of division of labour Advantages of division of labour Concept of Outbound Marketing Inbound Marketing explained Types of production in commerce Commerce: Definitions and Scopes of Commerce Differences between balance of trade and balance of payments Balance of payment deficit and balance of payment surplusAcademic Questions in Commerce
In commerce, the concept of paying in advanced is termed _____.
A. Advanced payment
B. Up payment
C. Forward payment
D. Prepayment
E. Uphill payment
F. Adpayment
In commerce, the concept of 'buy now, pay later' is termed _____.
A. Unadventurous payment
B. Buy on credit payment
C. Deferred payment
D. Postponed payment
E. Owed payment
F. Future payment
In commerce, which of the following is false with regards to a commodity?
A. A commodity must always have a market value
B. Rendered services are also instances of commodities
C. Products applicable to commodities can be bought or sold with money
D. A commodity must be standardized
E. A commodity must be usable upon delivery
F. Commodities can be traded in the futures market
Whatever is being marketed must always provide value to its potential consumers.
A. True
B. False
Which of the following is not a branch of marketing?
A. Merchandising
B. Promotions
C. Forex
D. Search Media Optimization
E. Social Media Optimization
F. Copywriting
Which of the following is not a characteristics of commerce?
A. The only aim of commerce is to make profit
B. It is a discontinuous process after profit had been made
C. It is accompanied with challenges and uncertainties
D. It is 100% business and economic activity
E. Transaction processes are always involved in commerce
F. It connects the process of production and marketing
Which of the following is not a function of commerce?
A. Unnecessary in times of emergencies like earthquakes and wars
B. Facilitates mass production of goods
C. Influences transportation network within and outside a state
D. Attempts to satisfy human needs and wants
E. Improves the standard of living
F. Acts as an online business link between buyers and sellers
One of the following is a form of division of labour.
Marketing is a vital part of any business since entrepreneurs and business owners will constantly manufacture goods or render services which are expected to be marketed in a bid to make more sales and profit.
Please read on the introduction to marketing here.
The various activities needed to effectively implement marketing can be generally achieved in two ways. These are via:
In inbound marketing, the customers (or consumers) will always carry out searches for their needs or wants until they eventually find your product or that of a competitor (if it is in line with their needs or wants). As an instance, you are on Len Academy right now because you probably searched for this article and eventually found it.
You can read on our motivational quotes here.
You are here (on this webpage) as a result of the inbound marketing done by Len Academy. The act of getting you here (through inbound marketing) may be as a result of a link you deliberately clicked on via another article of ours or through your search query on a search engine like goggle, bing or others. To this end, Len Academy had created links within its various articles. In addition, Len Academy had also optimized certain keywords for this article on various search engines such that it appears on their respective 'first search page'. This technique is referred to as Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and it's an example of inbound marketing.
Please read on management and its importance here.
Any marketing technique aimed at attracting customers to a product or service via concepts like SEO, social media marketing, web advertisments like google adverts (adSense and adMob) and so on is regarded as an inbound marketing.
It is important to state that google adverts (adSense and adMob) may use your activity on the internet to display adverts to you via various websites and blogging platforms. In another case, you may see adverts that aren't related to your internet activity.
Based on the above paragraph, google adverts can therefore be considered as both inbound and outbound marketing. It is inbound if you initiated the search for the advertisment or if the advertisment displays the contents of your previous searches on your internet.
Please read more on advertising here.
The focus of inbound marketing is to satisfy the curiosity of customers. This is so because potential customers are always in search of their needed products. To this end, the quality of a product alongside its packaging and branding will go a long way during inbound marketing.
Please read on the concept of demand here.
Note: Inbound activities cover the aspect of making discoveries on the wants and needs of the potential or target customers.
You can read on scale of preference here.
The result of inbound marketing is an automatic segmentation of customers (or potential customers), and that's a good thing. As an instance, the brand 'Len Academy' is being marketed to attract some specific set (or segment) of people which will include all students, teachers and lovers of education.
Segmentation of customers will help increase the product’s focus since the target customers are already segmented or known, which in most cases provides quality and value for the marketed product.
You can Attempt Len Academy's questions and answers on various subjects here.
The segmentation of customers can be achieved through the following procedures:
Meanwhile, understand that most inbound marketing activities are always carried out within the organization.
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Amazing facts in Commerce
According to research, the problem isn't the amount of food produced; the actual problem is the distribution of these foods. In this regard, we actually produce enough food to feed everyone on earth, but their distribution remains an underlying problem
With Amazon Smile, you can donate 0.5 percent of your purchases to a charity of your choosing
Check it out here
The brewery, Sankt Gallen in Japan, produces a beer called Un Kono Kuro from elephant's dung
North Korea and Cuba are the only countries in the world where you can't buy Coca-Cola
Amazon is an e-commerce website launched in 1995. It did not make any profit for its first seven years.
Amazon's first profit was in 2003. Its founder 'Jeff Bezos' is the richest man in the world as at 2018/2019
Notable points in Commerce
The theory of international trade is guided by the principle of comparative cost. This principle was propounded by David Richards.
The principle of comparative cost states that a country should specialize in the production of goods and services in which they have a greater comparative advantage or the least comparative disadvantage.
Below is an instance on the principle of comparative cost.
Now, let us assume we have two countries producing and exporting rice and beans respectively.
From the above instance, it can also be said that country B is at a disadvantage with regards to the production of rice and beans. Infact, it has a bigger comparative disadvantage with regards to beans production.
The point to note here is this: A country utilizing the principle of comparative cost will always produce quality goods and services at a cheaper cost.
No single country manufactures all the goods and services in our world. This implies that every country of the world relies on certain goods and services imported (or brought in) from other countries.
Foreign trade is defined as the exchange of goods, services and capital between two or more countries.
Foreign trade is also termed as international trade.
Division of labour can be defined as the act of splitting job process into a number of different processes such that each process is done by a different person or group of persons.
Through the process of division of labour, one worker may constantly perform a specific aspect of the job and as a result, may become specialized in that area.
The result of specialization in the different department of a job will imply the production of goods with better quality.
Forms of division of labour relates the various ways through which division of labour may be carried out.
Take for instance, within a country, one state may choose to specialize in the production of a cars while another specializes in a different area, let's say agriculture.
Below are the forms of division of labour
Complex division of labour
Occupational division of labour
Geographical division of labour
Balance of Trade can be defined as the total value of goods imported and exported by a country during a specific period; usually yearly or annually.
Balance of trade can be either positive, negative or zero
A positive balance of trade implies that a country exports more goods than its imports. China as a country is likely to have a positive balance of trade since it exports a variety of goods to other countries.
A negative balance of trade is often considered as an unfavorable balance of trade since the country's importation exceeds its exportation. Nigeria (as at 2018) is likely to have a negative balance of trade.
A zero balance of trade is reached when imports equal exports.
Please read on balance of trade and balance of payments here.
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