The Tooth: Structure, Type, Functions and Care of the Teeth

The Tooth

The tooth is defined as a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws of many vertebrate.

Human beings grow two sets of teeth in life. The first is temporary teeth, (called the milk teeth) during childhood; and they are twenty-four in number. They loosen and fall out which are replaced by the permanent teeth in adulthood. An adult has thirty-two permanent teeth.

Structure of a Tooth

A tooth is made up of the following parts:

• Crown: This is the part of the tooth projecting above the gum.

• Root. This is the part of the tooth buried in the jaw-bone.

• Neck: This is the space or juncture between the crown and the root.

• Enamel: This is a very hard substance which covers the crown.

• Dentine: This is the tough center of the tooth which surrounds and protects the pulp cavity.

• Pulp Cavity: It contains blood vessels and nerves.

Please read on the eyes in home economics here.

Below is a diagram showing the structure of the human tooth.

Types of Teeth and their Functions 

• Incisors. These set of teeth are located in the center and front of the jaw. They are used for cutting off lumps of food.

• Canines: These are located beside the incisors. They are pointed in appearance, and used for tearing food. They are sometimes called "dog" teeth.

• Premolars: These are next to the canine. Each of them has one or more points for cutting. They also have flat surfaces for grinding food.

• Molars: These are behind the premolars. They are ased for grinding and chewing food.

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Care of the Teeth

• Brush your teeth properly twice daily. Remember to always brush your tongue to remove bacteria.

• Rinse your mouth properly after meals and sweet foods.

• Do not pick your teeth with sharp objects like pins and needles.

• Avoid using your teeth as nut crackers or opener for bottles.

• Always eat calcium rich food and a balanced diet for strong and healthy teeth.  Examples of such food include milk, fruit, fish, meat, and plantain.

• Always drink enough water as it helps wash away food particles, while also diluting acids.

• Avoid smoking. Also stop alcohol intake as it increases the risk of gum disease and bad breath.

• Exercise your teeth by eating fairly hard foods like maize, carrots and coconut.

• Attempt to remove plaque and food particles lying between your teeth once a day.

• Replace your toothbrush at an interval of three to four months.

• Wear a mouthguard during sports like boxing to prevent injury.

• Visit your dentist when you have issues with your teeth.

Please read the continuation of this note on tooth infections here.

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