Alfred Ajibola
- 01st January, 2026 @ 01:20 PM
Topics in Agricultural Science
Flowers in Plants, Functions and Pollination The Leaf, Parts and Functions of the Leaf Plant Stem, Types and Functions of the Stem Parts of a Plant: Root, Types and Functions of the Root Ranching, Advantages and Disadvantages of Ranching Ley Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Pastoral Farming: Nomadic Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Mixed Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Agroforestry: Taungya System of Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Principles and Importance of Crop Rotation Multiple Cropping, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages Continuous Cropping, Advantages and Disadvantages Mixed Cropping, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages Arable Farming: Monocropping, Advantages and Disadvantages Types of Agricutural practices in Localities: Shifting Cultivation, Advantages and Disadvantages Types of Agriculture: Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture Branches of Agriculture Meaning, History and Importance of Agriculture Agricultural Science Scheme of Work for JSS1, First Term Digestive system and stomach compartment in ruminantsAcademic Questions in Agricultural Science
The ideal pH for the optimum growth of most agricultural crop is between _____.
A. 1 – 3.5
B. 4 – 5.5
C. 6 – 7.5
D. 8 – 9.5
E. 10 – 11.5
F. 12 – 13.5
People who go about their lives by raising and herding livestock such as cattle, sheep and goats are said to practice _____.
A. Pastoralism
B. Pasturalism
C. Herding
D. Herdsmen
E. Animalism
F. Anime Farming
The act of giving birth in pigs is called _____.
A. Calving
B. Piggery
C. Kidding
D. Farrowing
E. Calfing
F. Pigging
Which of the following is not a vegetable?
A. Cashew
B. Cocumber
C. Tomatoes
D. Carrot
E. Squash
F. Eggplant
All plants are crops.
A. True
B. False
In agriculture, macronutrients are essential nutrients required by plants. Which of the following is not a macronutrient?
A. Zinc
B. Sulphur
C. Calcium
D. Phosphorus
E. Potassium
F. Magnesium
Which of the following is false concerning micronutrients?
A. They are non-essential nutrients
B. They are required by plants in minute quantities
C. Iron is a micronutrient
D. Chlorine is a micronutrient
E. Copper is a micronutrient
F. Boron is a micronutrient
_____ is a term that describes the biological, chemical and cultural control tactics employed to make pest management economical, environmentally friendly and socially acceptable.
A. Integrated Pest Management
B. Integral Pest Management
C. International Pest Management
D. Inclusive Pest Management
E. Imbibed Pest Management
F. Inclusion Pest Management
Branches of agriculture are those specialized fields of agriculture that focuses on the different aspects, from cultivation of crops and rearing of animals (or livestock) in order to support food and material production.
Below are the branches of agriculture:
This is the science that deals with the rearing and domestication of livestock. Examples are cattle, sheep, goats, poultry, fish, snails, and bees.
Animals are studied for the following reasons:
To know the pests and diseases affecting them. Please read on pest of agricultural importance and crops attacked here.
To understand the favourable climate that can enhance their growth.
To formulate optimal diets that promote healthy growth and productivity.This helps us to better understand their feeding style.
To improve their reproductive and breeding qualities through genetics.
For the production of medicines (or drugs)
To assess the safety of new medicines and chemicals for humans and their environment.
To improve soil nutrient through the use of organic fertilizers.
Please read on the meaning, history, development and importance of agriculture here.
This is the scientific study and management of cultivatated crops to improve their quality from the period of planting, growth, development, harvesting and even post-harvest processes.
Crop science focuses on the production of crops with improved quality, yield, resilience, adaptation, resistance to pest and diseases through the application of science.
Please read on principles of crop rotation and its importance here.
This is the science that deals with the study of soil and its characteristics. Soil science covers soil formation (pedology), soil classification, soil texture, soil structure, soil organisms, soil nutrients and soil pH.
The above properties of soil helps us understand which soil is best for agriculture, urban planning, and ultimately, management of a functional ecosystem. In this regard, soil science integrates scientific fields like geology, biology, chemistry and even physics to achieve its aim.
Please read on soil formation in agriculture here.
This is a branch of agriculture that deals with the design, construction, maintenance of tools and machines used on the farm. These scientific innovations from agricutural engineering helps to improve large and sustainable food production through improved and mechanized farming operations.
Examples of innovations achieved through agricultural engineering include irrigation systems, improved storage facilities, large agricutural machines, improved and genetically modified seeds and farm animals, artificial intelligence, robotics, etc.
The above mentioned innovations via agricutural engineering has made feeding the growing world population possible through sustainable, efficient, productive and eco-friendly agriculture.
Please read on agricultural machines and their uses here.
This branch of agriculture deals with the production and management of fish and other aquatic animals for commercial, subsistence, or recreational purposes. Examples of animals reared in fishery include fishes, lobsters, crab, shrimps, etc.
Aquaculture is a branch of fishery which covers the farming of aquatic organisms like fish, crabs, shrimps and even aquatic plants under controlled conditions. This makes fish pond a classic example of aquaculture.
Meanwhile, understand that fishery is a broader field than aquaculture since it also focuses on the catching and harvesting wild aquatic organisms directly from the rivers, seas and oceans.
You can read on mixed farming, its advantages and disadvantages here.
This is a branch of agricultural science that deals with the management of forest and forest resources.
Forestry in agriculture is also called agroforestry, since it integrates trees and shrubs into crop and animal production, in order to diversified income from products like timber, fruits, and fodder, alongside traditional crops or livestock.
Please read more on agroforestry and the taungya system of farming here.
This is the act and science of care and management of different species of snails which are found on farmland for either subsistence or commercial purpose.
A professional who study snails (and other molluscs like octopuses, squids and clams) is called a malacologist.
This is a branch of agriculture which deals with the general studes of honey bee production.
A professional who practices horticulture is termed an apiculturist.
The apiculturist gets acquainted with the general features of bees and its economic importance.
You can read on ley farming in agriculture here.
This is the study of the growth of vegetables, fruits, flowers, nuts, shrubs, grasses, turf and medicinal plants for human use, nutrition, and aesthetic enjoyment.
Examples of crops grown in horticulture include cashews, moringa, pineapples, onions, mango, hibiscus flower, etc.
A professional who practices horticulture is termed a horticulturist.
This is the study that educate farmers on the use and adoption of modem techniques of farming.
Agricultural extension bridges the gap between farmers and innovators by bringing scientific research to the farmland through the delivery of modern knowledge, technologies, and practices to improve farming methods and agricutural productivity.
Agricultural extension empower farmers through education and problem-solving innovations.
You can read on flowers in plants, its functions and pollination here.
This is the study and management of agricutural resources. It involves optimum utilization of land, labour and capital to maximize profit.
Agricultural economics provides knowledge on the proper and effective usage of scarce resources such as land, labor, and capital towards the production of crops, and rearing of animals, including the channels of distribution and sale of these farm products to the final consumers.
Agricutural economics therefore covers everything from farm management to agricultural marketing.
Please read agricultural science topic for jss1 first, term week 3 here.
Please read agricultural science scheme of work for jss1 first term here.
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Amazing facts in Agricultural Science
Cows technically have one stomach, not four. However, a cow's stomach has four compartments. These are: rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum
Peanuts are legumes and not nuts
Although plants neither see nor hear, they can recognize their siblings and even give them preferential treatments
Squirrels do plant more trees (through their actions) than an average human in their lifetime. They often hide their acorns and nuts underground and forget about them
Cows have got the ability to walk up stairs, but not down stairs
A group of cows is called a team, drove or herd.
People just prefer to call them herd
Notable points in Agricultural Science
Below are characteristics of gymnosperms:
Their seeds have cones that protect them.
Sepals and petals aren't present in their cones.
Stigma and style are absent.
They do not produce fruits. Only seeds are formed.
Companion cells are absent.
Sporophyll form the cones.
Anther and filament are absent.
The ovules are not present in the ovary.
Gymnosperms do not possess flowers.
Please read on the anatomical differences between gymnosperms and angiosperms here
The flower is the reproductive organ in plants' sexual reproduction. In order to achieve a successful sexual propagation or reproduction in plants, the floral parts of the flower are utilized.
The floral parts of a flower consists of the followings:
Sepals
Petals
Stamen
Carpel
The stamen is male portion of a plant. It consists of the anther and filament.
The carpel (or pistil) is the female portion of the plant. It consists of the stigma, style and ovary.
An organism will be considered a pest if it does one of the followings:
Attack crops and eat its seeds, roots, stem, leaves and flowers. Examples are locust and grasshoppers.
Cause damage to stored food, fruits or other agricultural produce. Some may even urinate or deaficate on these products. Examples are rodents, cockroaches and mice.
Attack and kill farm animals like goats, sheep and cattle. Examples are foxes, wild cats and snakes.
Act as disease vectors. A vector is an organism that carries parasite and other disease causing organisms, without being affected; but when they introduce the parasites into their host, such host becomes infected with disease. Examples of vectors are rodents and mosquitoes.
Below are the classification of crops based on their uses:
Oil crops
Vegetable crops
Latex crops
Drug and Medicinal crops
Beverage crops
Fibre crops
Fruit crops
Root and Tubers
Legumes
Spices
Cereals
All crops are plants but not all plants are crops. Below are some instances:
Weeds are considered as plants, not crops.
Parasitic plants are not necessarily crops. Examples of parasitic plants include mistletoe, corpse flower and striga.
Carnivorous or insectivorous plants are not necessarily crops. Examples are sundew, venus flytrap and pitcher plant. The image below shows a carnivorous plant (venus flytrap).
Meanwhile, always understand that all crops are plants, and they are grown for food, money or something beneficial.