Mathematics | Class: JSS1 | Term: 1st

Addition and Subtraction in Algebra

len Alfred Ajibola - 01st February, 2026 @ 09:30 PM

Topics in Mathematics

Linear Equation in Mathematics Word Problems leading to Algebraic Expression BODMAS in Algebra Multiplication and Division in Algebra Addition and Subtraction in Algebra Multiplication of Number Bases Subtraction of Number Bases Addition of Number Bases Division of Number Base Number Base Conversion Number Base System Significant Figures Rounding Off Numbers Decimal Place Value Fraction Word Problems Word Problems in Fraction Multiplication and Division of Fractions Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Expressing One Quantity as a Percentage of Another Expressing One Quantity as a Fraction of Another


Academic Questions in Mathematics

Please click here to see all Questions and Answers

Decagon - Len Academy

What type of polygon is shown in the above image?

  • A. Nonagon

  • B. Decagon

  • C. Octagon

  • D. Hexagon

  • E. Hepagon

  • F. Pentagon

Which of the following is not part of a circle?

  • A. Section

  • B. Sector

  • C. Segment

  • D. Semicircle

  • E. Secant

  • F. Center

Acute Angle - Len Academy

What angle is shown in the above image?

  • A. Complementary

  • B. Supplementary

  • C. Acute

  • D. Obtuse

  • E. Reflex

  • F. Straight

An angle greater than 90o but less than 180o is termed _____.

  • A. Complementary

  • B. Supplementary

  • C. Acute

  • D. Obtuse

  • E. Reflex

  • F. Straight

Factorize 12a2 - 20a + 3

  • A. (6a - 1)(2a - 3)

  • B. (6a - 1)(2a + 3)

  • C. (6a + 1)(2a - 3)

  • D. (6a + 1)(2a + 3)

  • E. (-6a + 1)(2a - 3)

  • F. (-6a + 1)(2a + 3)

Simplify 10ab + 7ab

  • A. 17ab2

  • B. 17a2b2

  • C. 3ab2

  • D. 3a2b2

  • E. 17ab

  • F 3ab

Which of the following is not a type of angle?

  • A. Right angle

  • B. Left Angle

  • C. Acute Angle

  • D. Complete Angle

  • E. Straight Angle

  • F. Reflex angle

Two lines that can never meet each other are best considered as _____ lines.

  • A. straight
  • B. vertical
  • C. horizontal
  • D. parallel
  • E. oblique
  • F. perpendicular



Addition and Subtraction in Algebra 


Algebraic expression in mathematics utilizes symbols, especially variables like x and y, which are used represent unknown numbers and relationships, and are manipulated to solve for unknown values. 

The addition and subtraction in algebraic expressions is simple and straightforward. It involves combining like terms (that is: same variable and same exponent) by adding or subtracting their numerical coefficients, while the variable part remain the same. The aim of the process is to simplify expressions, and solve for unknown values.

Please read on the use of BODMAS in mathematics here.

 

Below are some important terms in Algebra:

  • Variables: These are alphabets like 'x, y, z' that represent unknown numbers, and are manipulated to solve for unknown values.

  •  Like Terms: These are terms with identical variable(s) raised to the same power. For example (2x2 and -6x2). Always take note of the 'plus or minus' sign present in front of the variable or coefficient when collecting like terms.

  • Coefficients: These are numbers in front of the variables. For example 2 is the coefficient in 2x2.  When a number isn't present before the the variable, such variable has a coefficient value of 1.

Please read on linear equations here.

 


Steps in Adding or Subtracting Algebraic Expressions


Below are steps to take when adding or subtracting algebraic expressions:

  • Identify Like Terms: Group terms with the same variables and exponents. For example 2x and 6x are like terms. 

  • Combine Coefficients: Add or subtract the numbers (coefficients) of the like terms. In the above instance (2x and 6x), we will either add or subtract the coefficient since they are both like terms.

  • Keep the Variable: The variable part stays the same. In the above instance (2x and 6x), the variable 'x' remains the same after addition or subtraction. That is: 2x + 6x = 8x

Please read on multiplication and division in algebra here.

Please read on the addition and subtraction of fractions here.

 


Worked Examples on Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions 


Simplify the following:

Example 1
  • 2a + 10a

Solution 

Since 2a and +10a are like terms, we'll add their coefficient and keep the variable.

  • 2a + 10a = 12a

 

Example 2
  • 6y - 2y

Solution 

Since 6y and -2y are like terms, we'll subtract their coefficient and keep the variable.

  • 6y - 2y = 4y

 

Example 3
  • b + 5a + 4c + 9b

Solution 

b and +9b are like terms and can thus be added.

b + 9b + 5a + 4c

  • 10b + 5a + 4c

  • Or 5a + 10b + 4c


 

Example 4
  • 4x - 5y + 3x

Solution 

4x and +3x are like terms and can thus be added

4x + 3x - 5y

  • 7x - 5y

 

Example 5
  • 5y - 10y + 8z

Solution 

5y and -10y are like terms and can thus be subtracted

5y - 10y + 8z

  • -5y + 8z

 

Example 6
  • 3m - 8m - 2m + 16m2 - 4m

Solution 

3m, -8m, -2m and -4m are like terms and can thus be subtracted

3m - 8m - 2m - 4m + 16m2

  • -11m + 16m2

  • Or 16m2 - 11m


 

Example 7
  • 6p - 2q + 4r - 2p + 3s + 5q

Solution 

6p and -2p are like terms while -2q and +5q are also like terms

6p - 2p - 2q + 5q + 4r + 3s

  • 4p + 3q + 4r + 3s

 

Example 8
  • 15 - 2x + 10x

Solution 

-2x and +10x are like terms and can thus be added

15 - 2x + 10x

  • 15 + 8x

Please read on expressing one quantity as a fraction of another here.

Please read on word problems in fractions here.

 


Assignment on Addition and Subtraction in Algebra 


Simplify the following:

  • 7x - 5y + 4

  • 11x + 9y - 7x

  • 13a + b - 9a + 7b

  • 5f - 3g - 7f + 9g + 3f - 4g

  • 7m - 2n + 6 - 5m + 7n + 3

  • 3x + 2 - 7x - 4 + 5x + 6

  • a - 7b + 8c + 8b + 2a

  • 5b + 8k + 2 - 3k - 2h

  • 6m + 3m - 1 - 6m + 4

  • a - 2b - 4a + 3c + 4a + 5b

  • 6p - 2q + 4r - 2p + 3s + 5q

Please read on mathematics week 10 topic for jss1 first term here.

Please read on mathematics scheme of work for jss1 first term here.

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Amazing facts in Mathematics

The opposite sides of a dice will always give a sum of seven

31,556,926 seconds makes one year

From 0 through 1000, the only number that has the letter 'a' in it is 'one thousand'

÷

The division symbol '÷' is actually called an obelus

Four is the only number in the English language that is spelt with the same number of letters as the number (4) itself

40 is spelt as forty and not 'fourty'. It is the only number that is spelt with letters arranged in alphabetical order

An odd number is a number that cannot be divisible by 2.

Every odd number has an 'e' in its spelling. They include:

  • One
  • Three
  • Five
  • Seven
  • Nine

555 in Thailand sounds like 'hahaha'. This is because the number '5' means 'ha' in Thailand

In mathematics, 10! means 10 factorial. Below is its calculation:

10! = 10 x 9 x 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 3628800

Interestingly, 3628800 seconds is the same as 42 days

42 days is the same as 6 weeks

We can therefore say that 10! equals 6 weeks or 3628800 seconds in mathematics

When you multiply 111,111,111 by 111,111,111; the result equals 12,345,678,987,654,321


Notable points in Mathematics

Let's use algebra to explain the simple statement below:

I am a number. When you subtract 3 from me, the result is 9. what number am I ?

Of course we know the answer is 12. You probably guessed it from your mind because it was that simple. The truth is, We could have a much more complicated statement of such; and that is where algebra comes into play.

Now, to apply algebra in the above statement, we use letters or alphabets to represent the unknown number(s). So using algebra, we can write:

  • Let the number be y

  • y - 3 = 9

  • y = 9 + 3

  • y = 12

Please read more on algebra here

Sides of a right angle triangle - Len Academy

 

The image above shows a right angled triangle. The angle of the above right triangle is denoted as θ. Below are some points to note:

Hypotenuse is always the longest side of the triangle.

Opposite is the side opposite the angle (θ)

Adjacent is the shorter side next to the angle (θ)

Each of Sin θ, cos θ and tan θ are the ratio of sides of the right triangle. They are calculated by using the formula (margic word) sohcahtoa:

Sohcahtoa - Len Academy

soh

Sin θ = Opposite/Hypotenuse

cah

Cos θ = Adjacent/Hypotenuse

toa

Tan θ = Opposite/Adjacent

Please read more on sine, cosine and tangent here

Circumference of a Circle - Len Academy

Circumference in mathematics means the distance around the edge of a circle (or a another curved surface).

Circumference is to circle or any other curved surface

Perimeter of a Rectangle - Len Academy

Perimeter means the distance around a square or rectangle or polygon.

Perimeter is to square or rectangle or polygon