Alfred Ajibola
- 01st October, 2025 @ 04:54 PM
Topics in Government
Socialism explained with its Key Principles Advantages and disadvantages of communism Communism in government Advantages and disadvantages of presidential system of government Features of the presidential system of government Advantages and disadvantages of fascism Fascism explained with examples and its characteristics Advantages and disadvantages of feudalism Feudalism in government Communalism in government Legitimacy and sovereignty in government Political power: Sources of political power Concept of power in government Functions of the executive arm of government Facts on Abraham Lincoln and John Kennedy One-party system explained with its advantages and disadvantages What is Democracy? Definitions of Democracy Types of Government Functions of the Legislature and Judiciary Scheme of Work for Government, SS1, First TermAcademic Questions in Government
Which of the following is not a function of government?
A. Government provides all the jobs in the country they govern
B. Government empowers the less privilege and the physically challenged
C. Government provides a support system for the aged
D. Government provides infrastructure for her citizens
E. Government maintains external relations with other countries
F. Government generates revenue for the country they govern
In government, a type of one-party system whereby a single party is officially and legally recognized in a country or state is termed a _____.
A. Hegemonic Party
B. Pre-Dominant Party
C. Dominant Party
D. True Single-State
E. Unique-Ordered State
F. State-Exclusive Party
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the multi-party system?
A. There is an existence of several parties differing in principles and fundamentals.
B. The political parties are legally recognized.
C. It is democratic in nature.
D. Among the various parties, only one dominates the political landscape.
E. Some of the opposition parties can become politically insignificant.
F. It promotes the coalition of governments.
In a two-party system, only 2 political parties are present in countries where they are practised.
A. True
B. False
On February 25, 2023; Nigeria as a country had its presidential election. The party system involved in this election is the _____.
A. Zero Party System
B. One-Party System
C. Two-Party System
D. Multi-Party System
E. APC, PDP and LP Party System
F. Coalition Party System
The following countries practice a zero party system except _____.
A. Cambodia
B. Vatican City
C. Bahrain
D. Saudi Arabia
E. Oman
F. Kuwait
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the two-party system?
A. It is democratic in nature
B. There isn't a third party
C. The two parties are always dominant in the political terrain
D. The president must emerge from one of both parties
E. It encourages freedom of expression at the press
F. It presents a choice of candidates to the people
A type of democracy whereby shura is practiced is termed _____ democracy
A. Direct
B. Indirect
C. Constitutional
D. Islamic
E. Authoritarian
F. Participatory
Socialism is an economic and political system whose principles and ideology aims to reduce inequalities, while providing for the basic needs of all citizens, alongside promoting greater cooperation across different segments of the society.
Socialism therefore refers to an economic and political system in which the means of production (such as factories, land, resources, and major industries) are owned, controlled, or regulated collectively, often by the state or the community, rather than by private individuals.
The ultimate goal of socialism aims to promote equality, fairness, and collective welfare, rather than prioritizing private profit. Apart from socialism, other economic and political systems include capitalism, communism and mixed economy.
Please read on capitalism in economics here.
At its core, socialism seeks to address the disparities generated by capitalism. Recall that a capitalist economy ensures that wealth and resources are concentrated in the hands of a few, leading to significant economic gaps between various social classes.
In contrast, socialism emphasizes collective ownership and democratic control of economic institutions. This can manifest in several ways, including state ownership of businesses, cooperatives run by workers, and extensive social programs designed to support education, healthcare, and welfare. However, understand that socialism and communism are quite different terminologies in government.
Please read on communism in government here.
A proper understanding of socialism can be achieved through its key principles. These principles are explained below:
One of the primary tenets of socialism is the belief that the community should have control over major industries. This can take the form of nationalized industries, where the government owns various businesses and institutions such as education, utilities, transportation, healthcare and banks. However, understand that workers employed by the government will often manage the aforementioned enterprises (in conjunction with the government).
Note: Key industries owned and managed by the state (in socialism) include energy, healthcare, education, transportation, large agricultural enterprises and natural resources This deliberate takeover of industries significantly reduces the monopolistic power of private individuals.
Please read on the advantages and disadvantages of capitalism here.
Unlike capitalism which largely relies on market forces (that is: demand and supply) to dictate production and pricing, socialist economies often involve central planning. This implies that economic decisions, including what to produce and how to distribute whatever is produced, alongside other resources, are made by a central governing body, or through democratic means; with the aim to meet the needs of the entire population. In this regard, resources are allocated based on social contributions, not just profit motives or needs.
Below is the "principle of ability and distribution" which is considered to be one of the defining features of socialism.
For each according to his ability; to each according to his contribution.
Please read on feudalism in government here.
Socialism aims to minimize economic inequality through progressive taxation and social welfare programs such as free education and healthcare services.
Since the wealthy are tasked at higher rates, with the aim of providing services to the underprivileged; socialist policies therefore strive to redistribute wealth, thus attempting to create a more equitable society.
Workers may control enterprises directly through workers’ cooperatives. This contrasts with capitalism, where owners and shareholders control production.
Workers' control implies an active participation in the management of factories and other commercial enterprises by the people who work there. These sorts of economic system is often advocated by various socialist and mixed economic systems.
Workers are able to have control and direct the trajectory of an enterprises through the formation unions, guilds and committee respectively.
Please read on factors that promote cooperation here.
A robust social safety net is a foundational aspect of socialist economies. In fact, the ultimate aim of socialism is the cater for the social welfare of the populace, ensuring that all citizens have access to essential services, thereby promoting equality and general well-being.
Such essential service required by the citizens will include universal healthcare system, free education, and various social programs aiming to support those in need. In fact, these essential infrastructures are seen as rights of the masses and not just market commodities. In this regard, a socialist economy therefore serves the society, not the other way around.
Please read on communalism in government here.
However, it is noteworthy to state that the way and manner one socialist government may achieve its ultimate objective may be quite different from another socialist government. For this reason, we have various form of socialist government.
Please read more on the forms of socialism here.
Below are examples of countries that practice socialism.
Nordic Model (Norway, Sweden, Denmark): These countries practice democratic socialism which provides free healthcare and education, funded by high taxes.
Modern China: It combines a mix of state-controlled industries, alongside market reforms.
Cuba and Venezuela: These socialist economies focuses on state ownership and welfare programs.
In conclusion, socialism in economics and government emphasizes collective ownership, redistribution, and social welfare, aiming to reduce inequality and provide basic needs for all. However, it sometimes struggles with efficiency, incentives, and government overreach.
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Amazing facts in Government
The shortest war ever lasted for just 38 minutes. This is the Anglo-Zanzibar War in 1896
174 world leaders signed the Paris Agreement on Earth Day in 2016 at the United Nations (UN) headquarters in New York. This agreement presents the largest number of countries ever to come together to sign anything on a single day. The agreement aims to combat climate change, accelerate and intensify the actions and investments needed to strengthen the global climate effort
United States of America is comprised of fifty states and Washington D.C.
The letter 'q' is not present in any of the American states
White House in Washington has 132 rooms and 35 bathrooms while Buckingham Palace in London has 775 rooms, including 78 bathrooms
Three United States presidents; John Adams (2nd US president), Thomas Jefferson (3rd US president), and James Monroe (5th US president) died on the 4th of July.
Coincidentally, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson also died the same year, and that's 1826.
Abraham Lincoln, the great human emancipator, freedom fighter and 16th American president was popular for the saying:
Government of the people, by the people and for the people
Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States of America was a professional wrestler before he assumed the office of the American President. Interestingly, he was only defeated once in his wrestling career
Notable points in Government
Ecclesiocracy is a form of government whereby religious leaders are recognized as the first citizens of a state.
The religious leaders in ecclesiocracy do not proclaim themselves as a direct instrument of divine revelation concerning laws governing the society.
A typical example of ecclesiocracy is seen in Vatican City where the pope presides as the leader of the state. However, the pope does not claim to receive direct revelation from God concerning civil laws.
The grand Ayatollah of Iran (Ali Khamenei) and president of Sudan, Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir are also considered as instances of leaders in ecclesiocracy.
It is worthy of note to state that the laws and rules governing the land in ecclesiocracy are based on religious beliefs, thus making it somewhat related to theocracy.
One of the duties of the government is to make laws that govern the society. Without laws, some of the rich may oppress the poor. Similarly, some of the highly placed in the society may end up oppressing the weak without being brought to justice.
The absence of government in a society, country, nation, state or community is referred to as anarchy.
An instance of anarchy occurred in Somalia in 1991 after a dictator name Said Barre was overthrown. This made Somalia disintegrate into fractions with local warlords imposing their authority over their land.
Below are some of the functions of government:
It is the role of the government to protect and defend the fundamental human rights of her citizens.
The government maintains law and order through the law enforcement agencies. These will include the police, customs officers and other local securities.
It is the duty of the government to generate revenue. This can be achieved through foreign trade.
It is the responsibility of the government to maintain external relations with other countries. For this reason, the president may visit other countries for business and bilateral trade purposes. Similarly, other presidents may visit your country in this regard.
Government can be defined under the following headings:
1. As an institution of a state.
Government is defined as an institution, agency, machinery or instrument that is established to manage the affairs of general welfare of the people making up a state or country
2. As a process or as an act of governing.
Government is defined as the processes and methods involved in the formulation, administration and implementation of public policies from a procedure which had been specifically spelt out in the constitution of a country or state
3. As an academic field of study.
Government is defined as the study of institutions, theories, ideas, values and doctrines as relating to the acquisition and use of political power for the welfare of the people
The End Sars is considered a pressure group in Nigeria. It campaigned in the interest of Nigerian youths, thus forcing the Nigerian government into scrapping the Special Anti-Robbery Squard (SARS) who had constantly brutalized Nigerians, especially the youths; through extortion, indiscriminate shootings, threats and other violent conducts.
Unfortunately, some Nigerian youths paid the ultimate price with their lives at the Lekki tollgate massacre. This happened on the 20th day of October, 2020.
Burna Boy, a Nigerian musician made a song titled '20 : 10 : 20' in this regard.