Alfred Ajibola
- 01st January, 2026 @ 01:33 PM
Topics in Agricultural Science
Flowers in Plants, Functions and Pollination The Leaf, Parts and Functions of the Leaf Plant Stem, Types and Functions of the Stem Parts of a Plant: Root, Types and Functions of the Root Ranching, Advantages and Disadvantages of Ranching Ley Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Pastoral Farming: Nomadic Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Mixed Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Agroforestry: Taungya System of Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Principles and Importance of Crop Rotation Multiple Cropping, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages Continuous Cropping, Advantages and Disadvantages Mixed Cropping, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages Arable Farming: Monocropping, Advantages and Disadvantages Types of Agricutural practices in Localities: Shifting Cultivation, Advantages and Disadvantages Types of Agriculture: Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture Branches of Agriculture Meaning, History and Importance of Agriculture Agricultural Science Scheme of Work for JSS1, First Term Digestive system and stomach compartment in ruminantsAcademic Questions in Agricultural Science
The ideal pH for the optimum growth of most agricultural crop is between _____.
A. 1 – 3.5
B. 4 – 5.5
C. 6 – 7.5
D. 8 – 9.5
E. 10 – 11.5
F. 12 – 13.5
People who go about their lives by raising and herding livestock such as cattle, sheep and goats are said to practice _____.
A. Pastoralism
B. Pasturalism
C. Herding
D. Herdsmen
E. Animalism
F. Anime Farming
The act of giving birth in pigs is called _____.
A. Calving
B. Piggery
C. Kidding
D. Farrowing
E. Calfing
F. Pigging
Which of the following is not a vegetable?
A. Cashew
B. Cocumber
C. Tomatoes
D. Carrot
E. Squash
F. Eggplant
All plants are crops.
A. True
B. False
In agriculture, macronutrients are essential nutrients required by plants. Which of the following is not a macronutrient?
A. Zinc
B. Sulphur
C. Calcium
D. Phosphorus
E. Potassium
F. Magnesium
Which of the following is false concerning micronutrients?
A. They are non-essential nutrients
B. They are required by plants in minute quantities
C. Iron is a micronutrient
D. Chlorine is a micronutrient
E. Copper is a micronutrient
F. Boron is a micronutrient
_____ is a term that describes the biological, chemical and cultural control tactics employed to make pest management economical, environmentally friendly and socially acceptable.
A. Integrated Pest Management
B. Integral Pest Management
C. International Pest Management
D. Inclusive Pest Management
E. Imbibed Pest Management
F. Inclusion Pest Management
The stem is a part of the plant that grows away from the soil. It is the central supporting structure that holds up the branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits. It also acts as a conduit that transports manufactured food from the leaves to the roots; while also transporting water and mineral salts from the root to the leaves.
The growth of a plant's stem occur at the tip called node.
The stem consist of buds which appear at the nodes, and this is where the branches, leaves and flowers emerge. The stalk connecting the leaf to the stem is termed the petiole. The space between two nodes is termed an internode.
Please read on plant root, types and functions here.
Plant stem comes in various types or forms. These are:
Underground Stems (Rhizome): They grow within the soil. They are called rhizome and can serve as organs of asexual propagation. It is present in crops like ginger, watermelon and cucumber.
Climbing Stems: These are weak and flexible stems that can't support themselves, but will rather climb upon other objects like poles, trees and even walls through structures like tendril and adhesive pads. Plants with climbing stems are often called vines or lianas. Examples include grapes, bean, yam, cowpea, and morning glory. Climbing stem will often cling to surrounding vertical objects in order to get sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis.
Woody or Thick Stem: As the name imply, these stems are woody, thick and hard. They function to provide great support to big trees like iroko, mahogany and obeche. They act as sources of wood for man's use. Please read on hardwood and softwood here.
Herbaceous Stem: These are soft, flexible stems which are green in color. They are typically found in grasses and flowers.
Succulent Stem: These are nonwoody fleshy stems that are soft, juicy, turgid, and well adapted to hold large amounts of water. It is present in plants like aloe vera and cactus.
Suckers: These are new stems that grow rapidly from the roots or base of the main stem. They acts as organs of vegetative or asexual propagation. Examples of suckers are seen in crops like plantains, bananas and tomatoes. Please read on asexual propagation in plants here.
Runners (Stolon): A runner, also called a stolon, is a specialized horizontal stem that grows from the parent plant and moves along the ground (or just below the ground). It produces nodes where a new shoot emerges to form a new plant. In this regard, it therefore acts as an organ of vegetative propagation, and are common in plants like weeds, strawberries and grasses.
Stem Tubers: These are modified swollen and underground stems that store food primary as starch (and water) for plants. As a result, stem tubers act as organs of vegetative propagation when exposed to an appropriate or condusive environment. A typical example of stem tuber is the sweet potato. Please read various agricultural terms and their meanings here.
Bulbs: This is a specialized, short underground stem with fleshy, scale-like leaves that store food and water. Bulbs are found in plants like onions and lilies, allowing them to survive adverse conditions. They are organs of asexual propagation that grow into new plants when the conditions are favorable.
Corms: These are solid, underground stems that act as storage organs, propelling a plant's growth during adverse conditions. Unlike bulbs, corms contains solid tissues within it. Examples of plants that grow from corms include gladiolus, crocus, and freesia.
Please read on flowers in plants, their functions and pollination here.
It supports the leaves to receive adequate oxygen and sunlight.
It holds the flowers for pollination which leads to the production of fruits.
It can act as an organ of asexual reproduction. Examples are rhizome in ginger and bulb in onion.
Some green stems contain chloroplast and chlorophyll, and can thus carry out photosynthesis. Please read on the leaf, its functions and photosynthesis here.
It transports water and mineral salts from the roots to the leaves. It also transport manufactured food (sugars) from the leaves to the root.
Stem can store food in plants like sugarcane, Irish potatoes and yams. They can also store water in plants like the cactus.
Please read agricultural science scheme of work for jss1 first term here.
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Amazing facts in Agricultural Science
Cows technically have one stomach, not four. However, a cow's stomach has four compartments. These are: rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum
Peanuts are legumes and not nuts
Although plants neither see nor hear, they can recognize their siblings and even give them preferential treatments
Squirrels do plant more trees (through their actions) than an average human in their lifetime. They often hide their acorns and nuts underground and forget about them
Cows have got the ability to walk up stairs, but not down stairs
A group of cows is called a team, drove or herd.
People just prefer to call them herd
Notable points in Agricultural Science
Below are characteristics of gymnosperms:
Their seeds have cones that protect them.
Sepals and petals aren't present in their cones.
Stigma and style are absent.
They do not produce fruits. Only seeds are formed.
Companion cells are absent.
Sporophyll form the cones.
Anther and filament are absent.
The ovules are not present in the ovary.
Gymnosperms do not possess flowers.
Please read on the anatomical differences between gymnosperms and angiosperms here
The flower is the reproductive organ in plants' sexual reproduction. In order to achieve a successful sexual propagation or reproduction in plants, the floral parts of the flower are utilized.
The floral parts of a flower consists of the followings:
Sepals
Petals
Stamen
Carpel
The stamen is male portion of a plant. It consists of the anther and filament.
The carpel (or pistil) is the female portion of the plant. It consists of the stigma, style and ovary.
An organism will be considered a pest if it does one of the followings:
Attack crops and eat its seeds, roots, stem, leaves and flowers. Examples are locust and grasshoppers.
Cause damage to stored food, fruits or other agricultural produce. Some may even urinate or deaficate on these products. Examples are rodents, cockroaches and mice.
Attack and kill farm animals like goats, sheep and cattle. Examples are foxes, wild cats and snakes.
Act as disease vectors. A vector is an organism that carries parasite and other disease causing organisms, without being affected; but when they introduce the parasites into their host, such host becomes infected with disease. Examples of vectors are rodents and mosquitoes.
Below are the classification of crops based on their uses:
Oil crops
Vegetable crops
Latex crops
Drug and Medicinal crops
Beverage crops
Fibre crops
Fruit crops
Root and Tubers
Legumes
Spices
Cereals
All crops are plants but not all plants are crops. Below are some instances:
Weeds are considered as plants, not crops.
Parasitic plants are not necessarily crops. Examples of parasitic plants include mistletoe, corpse flower and striga.
Carnivorous or insectivorous plants are not necessarily crops. Examples are sundew, venus flytrap and pitcher plant. The image below shows a carnivorous plant (venus flytrap).
Meanwhile, always understand that all crops are plants, and they are grown for food, money or something beneficial.