Alfred Ajibola
- 01st January, 2026 @ 01:34 PM
Topics in Agricultural Science
Flowers in Plants, Functions and Pollination The Leaf, Parts and Functions of the Leaf Plant Stem, Types and Functions of the Stem Parts of a Plant: Root, Types and Functions of the Root Ranching, Advantages and Disadvantages of Ranching Ley Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Pastoral Farming: Nomadic Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Mixed Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Agroforestry: Taungya System of Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Principles and Importance of Crop Rotation Multiple Cropping, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages Continuous Cropping, Advantages and Disadvantages Mixed Cropping, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages Arable Farming: Monocropping, Advantages and Disadvantages Types of Agricutural practices in Localities: Shifting Cultivation, Advantages and Disadvantages Types of Agriculture: Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture Branches of Agriculture Meaning, History and Importance of Agriculture Agricultural Science Scheme of Work for JSS1, First Term Digestive system and stomach compartment in ruminantsAcademic Questions in Agricultural Science
The ideal pH for the optimum growth of most agricultural crop is between _____.
A. 1 – 3.5
B. 4 – 5.5
C. 6 – 7.5
D. 8 – 9.5
E. 10 – 11.5
F. 12 – 13.5
People who go about their lives by raising and herding livestock such as cattle, sheep and goats are said to practice _____.
A. Pastoralism
B. Pasturalism
C. Herding
D. Herdsmen
E. Animalism
F. Anime Farming
The act of giving birth in pigs is called _____.
A. Calving
B. Piggery
C. Kidding
D. Farrowing
E. Calfing
F. Pigging
Which of the following is not a vegetable?
A. Cashew
B. Cocumber
C. Tomatoes
D. Carrot
E. Squash
F. Eggplant
All plants are crops.
A. True
B. False
In agriculture, macronutrients are essential nutrients required by plants. Which of the following is not a macronutrient?
A. Zinc
B. Sulphur
C. Calcium
D. Phosphorus
E. Potassium
F. Magnesium
Which of the following is false concerning micronutrients?
A. They are non-essential nutrients
B. They are required by plants in minute quantities
C. Iron is a micronutrient
D. Chlorine is a micronutrient
E. Copper is a micronutrient
F. Boron is a micronutrient
_____ is a term that describes the biological, chemical and cultural control tactics employed to make pest management economical, environmentally friendly and socially acceptable.
A. Integrated Pest Management
B. Integral Pest Management
C. International Pest Management
D. Inclusive Pest Management
E. Imbibed Pest Management
F. Inclusion Pest Management
A leaf is flattened green structure attached to the stem by means of a leaf stalk called the petiole. The leaf is green because of the presence of chlorophyll in its chloroplast. It is the part of the plant involved in the production of food through photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is defined as the process whereby green plants manufacture food (sugars) through the use of carbon(IV)oxide and water, in the presence of sunlight and mineral salt within the chloroplast of the plant's leaf, while giving off oxygen as a byproduct.
Apart from photosynthesis, the leaf also serves as an excretory organ as it excretes excess water from the plant through a process termed transpiration. The leaf is also crucial in the plant's gaseous exchange through its stomata.
Please read on the flowers, its functions and pollination here.
A leaf is made up of the following parts:
Blade (Lamina): This is the broad (or flat) green part of the leaf. Sunlight is trapped through its surface, making it the site for photosynthesis.
Petiole: This is the stalk attaching the blade of the leaf to the stem.
Midrib: This is the central, thick vein running down the middle of the (lamina) blade. It provides structural support to the leaf.
Leaf Veins: These are networks of vascular tubes branching from the midrib. They transport nutrients and water. They also provide support to the leaf. You can read the concept of crop rotation here.
Margin: This is the edge of both sides of the leaf blade. The margin of a leaf can be smooth, lobed, or serrated.
Apex: This the tip (pointed edge) at the top of the leaf.
Stipules: These are small, leaf-like appendages that may be present in pairs at the base of the petiole of some leaves.
Cuticle: This is a waxy protective layer on the leaf.
Stomata: These are spaces or pores responsible for gaseous exchange in plants. For example, in photosynthesis, carbon(IV)oxide enters through the stomata of the leaf while oxygen leaves through it. In respiration, oxygen enters the leaf through its stomata while carbon(IV)oxide leaves through the stomata. The opening and closing of the stomata is controlled by the guard cells.
Please read on the root, types and functions here.
The leaves manufacture food in the form of sugar for plant, through a process termed photosynthesis. Please read on autotrophic nutrition and photosynthesis here.
The leaf helps to remove excess water from the plant through a process termed transpiration.
The leaf assist in respiration by taking in oxygen through the stomata, while also giving out carbon(IV)oxide through it.
It serves as a storage organ for water is some plants, e.g succulents like cactus and aloe vera. It also serves as a storage organ for food in plants like onion and cabbage.
Some leaves bases are modified to form stems which support the leaves and flowers. Examples are found in bananas and plantains. Please read on plant stem, types and functions here.
It can protect the plant through the formation of modified leaves in the form of spines or thorns. An example is seen in cactus.
They provide support to the plant by connecting to the stem through the petiole.
The leaves purify the environment by absorbing carbon(IV)oxide from it and introducing oxygen into it.
Please read agricultural science scheme of work for jss1 first term here.
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Amazing facts in Agricultural Science
Cows technically have one stomach, not four. However, a cow's stomach has four compartments. These are: rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum
Peanuts are legumes and not nuts
Although plants neither see nor hear, they can recognize their siblings and even give them preferential treatments
Squirrels do plant more trees (through their actions) than an average human in their lifetime. They often hide their acorns and nuts underground and forget about them
Cows have got the ability to walk up stairs, but not down stairs
A group of cows is called a team, drove or herd.
People just prefer to call them herd
Notable points in Agricultural Science
Below are characteristics of gymnosperms:
Their seeds have cones that protect them.
Sepals and petals aren't present in their cones.
Stigma and style are absent.
They do not produce fruits. Only seeds are formed.
Companion cells are absent.
Sporophyll form the cones.
Anther and filament are absent.
The ovules are not present in the ovary.
Gymnosperms do not possess flowers.
Please read on the anatomical differences between gymnosperms and angiosperms here
The flower is the reproductive organ in plants' sexual reproduction. In order to achieve a successful sexual propagation or reproduction in plants, the floral parts of the flower are utilized.
The floral parts of a flower consists of the followings:
Sepals
Petals
Stamen
Carpel
The stamen is male portion of a plant. It consists of the anther and filament.
The carpel (or pistil) is the female portion of the plant. It consists of the stigma, style and ovary.
An organism will be considered a pest if it does one of the followings:
Attack crops and eat its seeds, roots, stem, leaves and flowers. Examples are locust and grasshoppers.
Cause damage to stored food, fruits or other agricultural produce. Some may even urinate or deaficate on these products. Examples are rodents, cockroaches and mice.
Attack and kill farm animals like goats, sheep and cattle. Examples are foxes, wild cats and snakes.
Act as disease vectors. A vector is an organism that carries parasite and other disease causing organisms, without being affected; but when they introduce the parasites into their host, such host becomes infected with disease. Examples of vectors are rodents and mosquitoes.
Below are the classification of crops based on their uses:
Oil crops
Vegetable crops
Latex crops
Drug and Medicinal crops
Beverage crops
Fibre crops
Fruit crops
Root and Tubers
Legumes
Spices
Cereals
All crops are plants but not all plants are crops. Below are some instances:
Weeds are considered as plants, not crops.
Parasitic plants are not necessarily crops. Examples of parasitic plants include mistletoe, corpse flower and striga.
Carnivorous or insectivorous plants are not necessarily crops. Examples are sundew, venus flytrap and pitcher plant. The image below shows a carnivorous plant (venus flytrap).
Meanwhile, always understand that all crops are plants, and they are grown for food, money or something beneficial.