Topics in Geography
Environmental geography explained with its branches Igneous rock explained with its types and textures Characteristics of Igneous Rock What are Sedimentary Rocks? Formation and Types of Sedimentary Rock Characteristics of Sedimentary Rock Types and Characteristics of Metamorphic Rock Physical geography explained with its branches Geography Scheme of Work, SS1, First Term Geography Scheme of Work, SS1, Second Term Geography Scheme of Work, SS1, Third Term Classification and types of planets with their characteristics Planets of the solar system explained with their characteristics Functions of the Atmosphere Layers of the Atmosphere Solar System in Geography Composition of the Atmosphere Human geography explained with its branches What are metamorphic rocks? Formation of metamorphic rock?Academic Questions in Geography
Sandstone is an example of _____ .
A. Sandy soil
B. Loamy soil
C. Clay soil
D. Igneous rock
E. Sedimentary rock
F. Metamorphic rock
Which of the following isn't an example of metamorphic rock?
A. Schist
B. Quartzite
C. Gabbro
D. Marble
E. Slate
F. Serpentinite
Which of the following statements is false concerning metamorphic rock?
A. The are less dense than igneous and sedimentary rocks
B. They can be foliated or non foliated
C. They are crystalline in nature
D. They have a more coarse texture than their protolith
E. They may be formed from an older metamorphic rock
F. They are characterized with precious metals and stones
Earth's distance from the sun is approximately _____ million kilometers.
A. 147
B. 85
C. 40
D. 220
E. 309
F. 400
Which of the following is not a branch of physical geography?
A. Economic Geography
B. Religious Geography
C. Social Geography
D. Resource Geography
E. Settlement Geography
F. Industrial Geography
Water resource geography is a branch under physiography.
A. True
B. False
With regards to ozone, which of the following is incorrect?
A. Ozone is a triatomic molecule
B. Ozone layer aids in preventing excess ultraviolet radiation from reaching the earth
C. Ozone is a natural greenhouses gas
D. Ozone comprises of oxygen molecules only
E. Ozone layer brings about a global warming on earth
F. Ozone is present in the stratosphere
The atmosphere makes the followings possible on earth except _____.
A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
C. Rain
D. Ultraviolet rays
E. Global communication
F. Weather
Metamorphic rocks make up about 12% of the earth crust. Their formation requires the transformation of an existing rock or original rock called protolith. The protolith may be an igneous rock, a sedimentary rock or another older metamorphic rock.
Please read the introduction to metamorphic rock here.
We have two basic type of metamorphic rocks based on their appearances. They are:
Foliated metamorphic rocks: They have a layered or banded appearance. Foliation in metamorphic rocks imply that they have parallel arrangement of certain mineral grains which results into a striped appearance of the rock.
Foliation results into a metamorphic rock when it is is put under pressure. This squeezes, flattens or elongates the minerals, thus making them align. This ultimately give the rock a layered, banded and platy (or sheet-like appearance), after the pressure application.
Granite, gneiss and schist are examples of foliated metamorphic rock.
Please read igneous rock explained with its types and textures here.
The image below shows a foliated and non-foliated metamorphic rock:
Non-foliated metamorphic rocks: These metamorphic rocks are neither flat, layered, elongated nor banded in appearance. Also, they do not have a platy or sheet-like structure as seen foliated rocks.
Regardless the amount pressure applied to the grains of non-foliated metamorphic rock, it will still not align. Marble, quartzite and limestones are examples of non-foliated metamorphic rock.
Please read on sedimentary rock explained with its formation here.
Metamorphic rocks are crystalline in nature.
Metamorphic rocks are always more dense and also less likely to be broken down by erosion when compared to igneous and sedimentary rocks.
Please read the characteristics of sedimentary rocks here.
Minerals are always present in metamorphic rocks. Some of these minerals include garnet, staurolite, kyanite, sillimanite and andalusite. Each mineral is only steady within certain limits which are dependent on the approximate temperature and pressures experienced by the rock during metamorphosis. In this regard, these minerals are termed ‘index minerals’.
Some metamorphic rocks have foliated or banded texture while others do not (non-foliated).
Metamorphic rocks are typically buried in the earth crust with its upper layers above it.
You can read on physical and environmental geography here.
Metamorphic rocks have a more coarse texture than their parent rock (protolith).
Cataclastic metamorphism occurs alongside the tectonic plate faults where the rocks get rubbed with each other, leading to their reduction in grain size.
Metamorphic rocks generally have higher density and lower porosity when compared to their parent rock.
Please read on the characteristics of igneous rocks here.
In low-grade metamorphic rocks, the protolith are condensed in a similar manner as in the composition of slate from shale.
Metamorphic rocks are characterized with a variety of precious metals and stones.
They make up about 12% of the earth crust.
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Amazing facts in Geography
Pepto Bismol-colored Lake Hillier is a pink colored lake present in Australia
Mount Everest is the highest point on earth with a height of 8,849 meters (29,032 feet). It is located between Nepal and Tibet, an autonomous region of China.
Mountain Everest is a symbol of relationship between Nepal and Tibet, and was named in the nineteenth century after George Everest, a former Surveyor General of India
A day on planet venus is longer than a year. This is so because it takes venus 243 'earth days' to spin round its axis (rotation), but takes 225 'earth days' to go around the sun (revolution).
In geography, understand that a day is reached when the planet makes a full spin or rotation round it's axis. However, a year is reached when a planet revolves fully around the sun
The Four Corners is a location in the United States of Ameria where one can stand in four states simultaneously (at the same time). The states are: Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico.
On the Four Corners, a person stands on the southwestern corner of Colorado, southeastern corner of Utah, northeastern corner of Arizona, and northwestern corner of New Mexico at once.
The longest street in the world is Yonge street in Toronto Canada. It has a length of 1,895,807.232 meters or 1,178 miles
With regards to size, the sun is so big when compared to earth. In fact, a million earth would fit inside of it
Pumice is a rock that floats on water
There are more stars in space than there are grains of sand on a beach
Africa is the only continent with land in all four hemispheres of the globe
Venus is the only planet that spins in a clockwise direction
Notable points in Geography
Earth's atmosphere is extremely important for the survival of all its inhabitants. As a student, it is important you comprehend how the above functions of the atmosphere support life. The explanations below give credence to this fact.
When one moves further away from earth, the atmosphere becomes thinner until it disappears into the outer space. There is no atmosphere in space. For this reason, astronauts will always wear a spacesuit while carrying along their oxygen gas masks and canisters when in space.
People living on very high altitudes will likely experience a reduced amount of oxygen in the atmosphere. Such people survive because their bodily organs become adapted to survive in such conditions.
On mountain everest for instance, mountain climbers will need to carry oxygen canisters because lesser amount of oxygen is present on this mountain.
The interface forming the boundary between two atmospheric layers are always named with a 'pause' at its end; for instance;
Tropopause: This is the interface or boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere.
Stratopause: Interface between the stratosphere and mesosphere.
Mesopause: Interface between the mesosphere and ionosphere.
Ionopause: Interface between the ionosphere and thermosphere.
The atmosphere surrounding the earth is layered. Each layer has its own characteristics although the boundaries between them are not clearly defined.
The image below shows the different layers of the atmosphere:
The average distance between the earth and the sun is about 149.6 million kilometers. It will take the earth 365 one-quarter days (or 1 year) to make a complete orbit (or revolve) round the sun. This process is termed the revolution of the earth.
The revolution of the earth is responsible for the seasonal changes we experience here (on earth). In Nigeria and Africa at large, these are the rainy and dry seasons. In Europe, these are spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons. Similarly, the United States of America have got the spring, summer, fall and winter seasons respectively.
The solar system is defined as a system comprising the sun, all the planets that revolve around it including their moons, the comets, meteoroids, asteroids and interplanetary medium.
In summary, the solar system comprises of the followings:
Sun
Stars
Planets
Moons or Satellites
Comets
Meteoroids
Asteroids
Interplanetary Medium (IPM)
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