Alfred Ajibola
- 18th May, 2026 @ 02:32 AM
Topics in Basic Science
Classifications of Drugs, Sources of Drugs and Drug Abuse Teeth, Structure of the Tooth, Dentition and Dental Care Balanced Diet, Classes of Food and their Importance Classes of Food, their Composition and Functions Nutrition: Types and Class of Food Cleanliness of parts of the body Family Health and Personal Cleanliness Behaviors and Feelings during Adolescence Pubertal changes in Boys and Girls Classification and Uses of Rubber Characteristics, Classification and Uses of Plastics Cement: Composition, Types and Uses of Cement Types, Properties and Uses of Ceramics Properties and Uses of Nonmetals Safety Devices: Examples and Uses of Safety Devices Accident Prevention Techniques and Safety Rules Safety Precautions for Pedestrians, Cyclists and Motorists Technology: Benefits of Technology Alloys: Types, Composition and Uses of Alloys Ferrous and Non-Ferrous MetalsAcademic Questions in Basic Science
Which of the following diseases is associated with river blindness?
A. Anthrax
B. Lawnmower Disease
C. Onchocerciasis
D. Devil's Crunch
E. Trypanosomiasis
F. Tularemia
The vector for yellow fever is _____.
A. Aedes Mosquito
B. Female Anopheles Mosquito
C. Plasmodium
D. Flavivirus
E. Black Fly
F. Bacillus Anthracis
The bones of the head and face make up the skull. These bones are _____ in number.
A. 12
B. 14
C. 16
D. 18
E. 20
F. 22
Bacteria are not a constituent of our environment.
A. True
B. False
Below are types of drugs. Which of these is considered as pain killers?
A. Stimulants
B. Depressants
C. Opiods and Morphine Derivatives
D. Hallucinogens
E. Anabolic Steroids
F. Cannabinoids
Which of the following statement is false concerning drugs?
A. Drugs can be inhaled
B. Drugs can be injected directly into the bloodstream
C. Drugs can be eaten
D. Drugs exist exclusively in the forms of tablets and syrups
E. Drugs can be placed under the tongue
F. Drugs can be taken with water or another liquid
Vaccination involves a process of introducing pathogens or germs into a person in order to prevent such person from the diseases they cause.
A. True
B. False
With regards to the human health, foreign bodies are best regarded as _____.
A. International bodies
B. Antilators
C. Antibodies
D. Antigens
E. Antibiotics
F. Antidotes
Animals are essential to human survival. Without animals, hamans will starve from the lack of proteinous nutrients. In this regard, animals provide humans with protein-rich food (meat, milk and eggs), alongside materials like wool and leather. They can also.serve as labor and man's companion.
The various importance of animals to humans are explained below:
1. Balancing of Ecosystem
Animals are crucial for proper balancing of the ecosystems. For instance, they bring about pollination, leading to the production of fruits. They also bring about the cycling of soil nutrients, seed dispersal, source of food along the feeding pathway (food chain and food web).
The concept of food chain and food web is an important concept of nature that maintains a balanced and functioning ecosystem.
Please read on the concept of an ecosystem here.
2. Provision of Food
Animals provide human with dairy product like milk, alongside its processed products such as cheese, ice cream and butter.
Animals provide us with meat, fish and egg which serves as important sources of protein. In fact, most of the proteins eaten by humans come from livestock like pig, chicken, cattle, sheep, goat, rabbit, alongside other bush animals.
Please read on agricultural ecology and farm ecosystem here.
3.Hides and Skin
Hides (from large animals like cattle, camel, buffalo and horses) and skin (from smaller animals like sheep, goat, deer and calves) are used for the production of leather products such as shoes, belts, handbags, wallets, gloves, furniture upholstery, automotive interiors, wrist straps, drums and even shelter.
Please read more on resources from animals here.
4. Transportation
Livestock such as horses, donkeys, and camels can assist in transporting humans, agricultural materials, tools and finished products from one point to another. They are also utilized in ploughing agricultural farmland in many parts of the world.
Please read on means and mode of transportation here.
5. Scientific Research
Animals are used extensively in medical and scientific research through laboratory studies in order to properly understand the causes, effects and treatment of diseases. This process has led to the production of vaccines and drugs for preventing and treating diseases.
Please read on immunization here.
6. Protection
Certain animals can be trained to provide security, safety and protection for humans. Examples include certain breeds of dogs and domestic cat. In this regard, they can also be trained to guide the blind, and assist killing small mammals like rats on farmland.
Please read on living things (animals) here.
7. Manufacture of Processed Products
Hoof and horns can be used for manufacturing buttons, comb, ornaments etc.
Animal fur derived from sheep can also be used to provide wool and shelter. Such furs can become processed to manufacturer pillows, beds, sofas and so on.
Bones and horns can be used to manufacture nitrogenous fertilizer, glue, and gelatin. They can also be utilized in making bone meals which are very rich in calcium.
Please read on the classification of plants and differences between plants and animals here.
8. Pets and Companionship
Certain animals can be trained as pets to provide companionship for human. Such companionship can reduce loneliness, stress, improves one's mood and overall mental well-being. Animals that can serve as pets and companionship include dogs, domestic cats, parrots, goat, sheep, rabbits, cattle, horse etc.
You can read on the branches of agriculture here.
1. Oxygen Production
Earth's oxygen comes from the byproduct of photosynthesis in plants. Oxygen is crucial for respiration which happens to be a basic characteristics of life. Oxygen from plants also oxidizes carbon(II)oxide, a poisonous gas into carbon(IV)oxide.
Please read the the basic characteristics of living things here.
2. Removal of Carbon(IV)oxide
Plants regulate the atmosphere by constantly removing carbon(IV)oxide through photosynthesis. This is shown via the equation below:
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthesis is defined as the process whereby green plants manufacture food through the use of carbon(IV)oxide and water in the presence of sunlight, mineral salt and chloroplasts, giving out oxygen as byproduct
Plants are the only organism's that eliminates CO2 from the atmosphere, consequently reducing green house effect.
Please read on family health here.
3. Source of Food
Plants are producer, and thus, will consequencetly commence food chain and food web in ecosystems. In fact, without plants, all humans and animals will starve to death. Food derived from plants include tubers, cereals, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and so on.
4. Provision of Raw Materials
Raw materials from plants include wood, cotton, rubber, beverages and so on. These raw materials are crucial for man's survival. For example, wood are extensively used in buildings, road constructions, home interiors, various infrastructures, production of paper, fuel for cooking and so on.
Cotton is the most used fiber in fashion industry, making it crucial in cloth production. It is also processed into cotton oil and highly proteineous livestock feed. Apart from these, cotton is applied in the production of furniture, paper and various medical devices.
Please read on resources from living things here.
Rubber is important in the manufacture of tyres, plastics, gloves, oxygen masks, footwears, roofing materials, contraceptives and so on.
5. Medicine
Plants are crucial towards improving the health of humans and animals, alongside their survival, since they can serve as drugs that cures a variety of diseases when used.
All plant materials, that is: leaves, stems, roots, flowers, barks, branches, fruits and seed may be consumed directly, cooked or processed into pharmaceutical drugs.
Please read on parts of the plant (leaf) here.
6. Aesthetic and Beautification
Plants in form of trees, shrubs, and flowers beautify human environment. Plants enhance beautification by adding color, texture, and structural interest to our environment and homes, which can consequently reduce stress. For this reason, a natural plant environment such as gardens are utilized as places of relaxation and celebrations.
Please read on social and emotional changes during adolescence, myths and facts.
7. Tourist Attraction
Humans enjoy touring activities, and may spend their money visiting botanical gardens and even forests in different parts of the world. Such gardens and forests are typically characterized by a variety of plants and animals.
Tourism generally enhances destination appeal through landscaped parks, where human appreciate the realistic beauty of nature. As a consequence, tourism drives local economies, supports conservation of endangered species, and provides beautification, aesthetic, and relaxation to humans.
Please read on forest management and importance of forest here.
8. Prevention of Soil Erosion
The roots of plants hold the soil particles together, reducing the washing away of soil. Also, the stem and bark of large plants act as windbreak, consequently reducing the speed of wind and amount of top soil blown away.
Leaves of plants break the force of rain drops and thereby reduce soil erosion. Also, plants absorb water through their roots, decreasing soil erosion in the process.
Please read on soil erosion here.
Other functions of plants to humans include:
Transpiration helps water cycle and promote rainfall that helps humans and animals to grow.
The colour pigment extracted from leaves, flowers and barks plant (dyes) are useful in the textile for coloring clothes.
Please read basic science week 3 topic (cell) for jss1 1st term here.
Please read basic science scheme of work for JSS1 1st term here.
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Amazing facts in Basic Science
According to scientific research, if the first tear drop comes from the right eye, it’s tears of joy. If it comes from the left eye, then it is as a result of pain
Dentistry is the oldest profession in the world. This is considered true because a research conducted by the University of Bologna, Italy on a 14,000-year-old skull found that one rotten tooth in the jaw had been deliberately scoured and scraped with a dental tool
Scientific research has it that the human nose can distinguish more than a trillion different odors

Tigers have striped fur. So also is their skin

The most common wild bird in the world is native to Africa, and it's the red-billed quelea with a population estimated to be around 1.5 billion
Of all animals, mosquitoes hold the record of killing most humans annually. They are responsible for the deaths of 725,000 - 1,000,000 persons yearly
Antibiotics fights and kills bacteria. However, they do nothing to a virus
All insects have six legs. However, dragonfly has six legs but can't walk
The chin is defined as the protruding part of the face below the mouth, formed by the apex of the lower lip. It is shown below:

Interestingly, humans are the only animals with chin

Ripe cranberries will bounce like a ball. For this reason, they are nicknamed 'bounceberries'. They will also float in water
Notable points in Basic Science
We have six classes of food. These are:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats and Oils
Vitamins
Mineral Salts
Water
In humans, roughages are not classified as one of the classes of food. This is so because they aren't digested. Instead, roughages facilitate the movement of bowels in the large intestine (colon); and for this reason, they can become useful in treating constipation.
Food refers to anything that is ingested by living organisms, giving them nutrients and thus enabling them to stay alive.
As an instance, 99% of a panda's diet is bamboo. In this case, bamboo is considered as food to a panda since it provides a source of nutrient and keeps it alive. This is shown in the image below:

The only process in nature that actively enriches our atmosphere with oxygen is photosynthesis. Every other process like respiration, burning and combustion takes away oxygen from it. In addition, they introduce carbon(IV)oxide (CO2) into the atmosphere.
Photosynthesis is also the only process that takes away carbon(IV)oxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.
Photosynthesis is defined as a process by which green plants manufacture food by utilizing carbon(IV)oxide and water in the presence of sunlight.
Oxygen is given off as a by-product of photosynthesis. In regards to this, it is recommended that each person plants a tree.
Matter is composed of particles which can be:
Tightly packed together (as seen in solids).
Loosely packed together (as seen in liquids).
Completely separated (as seen in gases).
The movement of the particles of matter is a function of the overall kinetic energy present in them. You can think of kinetic energy as energy in motion.
An increase in the particles' vibrational, rotational or translational motion will imply an increase in temperature while a decrease in the particles motion (vibrational, rotational and translational) will mean a decrease in temperature. Based on this knowledge, we can therefore define temperature as the measure of the average kinetic energy possessed by the particles of matter.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is a score derived from a set of standardized tests developed to measure a person's cognitive abilities in relation to their age group.
IQ may also be defined as the ratio of mental age (MA) to chronological age (CA) multiplied by 100.
Below are some formulas pertaining Intelligence Quotient:
IQ = MA x 100 ÷ CA
MA = Mental age
CA = Chronological age
IQ above 100 = Brilliance
IQ that equals 100 = Average
IQ below 100 = Below Average