Alfred Ajibola
- 23rd July, 2026 @ 12:02 PM
Topics in Basic Science
Classifications of Drugs, Sources of Drugs and Drug Abuse Teeth, Structure of the Tooth, Dentition and Dental Care Balanced Diet, Classes of Food and their Importance Classes of Food, their Composition and Functions Nutrition: Types and Class of Food Cleanliness of parts of the body Family Health and Personal Cleanliness Behaviors and Feelings during Adolescence Pubertal changes in Boys and Girls Classification and Uses of Rubber Characteristics, Classification and Uses of Plastics Cement: Composition, Types and Uses of Cement Types, Properties and Uses of Ceramics Properties and Uses of Nonmetals Safety Devices: Examples and Uses of Safety Devices Accident Prevention Techniques and Safety Rules Safety Precautions for Pedestrians, Cyclists and Motorists Technology: Benefits of Technology Alloys: Types, Composition and Uses of Alloys Ferrous and Non-Ferrous MetalsAcademic Questions in Basic Science
Which of the following diseases is associated with river blindness?
A. Anthrax
B. Lawnmower Disease
C. Onchocerciasis
D. Devil's Crunch
E. Trypanosomiasis
F. Tularemia
The vector for yellow fever is _____.
A. Aedes Mosquito
B. Female Anopheles Mosquito
C. Plasmodium
D. Flavivirus
E. Black Fly
F. Bacillus Anthracis
The bones of the head and face make up the skull. These bones are _____ in number.
A. 12
B. 14
C. 16
D. 18
E. 20
F. 22
Bacteria are not a constituent of our environment.
A. True
B. False
Below are types of drugs. Which of these is considered as pain killers?
A. Stimulants
B. Depressants
C. Opiods and Morphine Derivatives
D. Hallucinogens
E. Anabolic Steroids
F. Cannabinoids
Which of the following statement is false concerning drugs?
A. Drugs can be inhaled
B. Drugs can be injected directly into the bloodstream
C. Drugs can be eaten
D. Drugs exist exclusively in the forms of tablets and syrups
E. Drugs can be placed under the tongue
F. Drugs can be taken with water or another liquid
Vaccination involves a process of introducing pathogens or germs into a person in order to prevent such person from the diseases they cause.
A. True
B. False
With regards to the human health, foreign bodies are best regarded as _____.
A. International bodies
B. Antilators
C. Antibodies
D. Antigens
E. Antibiotics
F. Antidotes
Family health is defined as the state of well-being of the whole family. This state of well-being include physical, mental, emotional and social well-being of all family members.
Family health can be achieved through hygienic practices, balanced nutrition, proper health education and various preventive care methods. However, understand that genetic predispositions is considerably noteworthy when considering family health.
Please read on skin and care of the skin here.
Family health can be achieved through a variety of ways. Below are ways of ensuring family health:
Learning and practicing activities that are aimed at keeping our bodies and environment neat.
Eating balanced diet daily. In this regard, family members should include fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats and lean proteins into daily meals. They should also prioritize cooking at home to control salt and sugar intake.
Families should create time for regular exercising of the body. Exercises may be achieved in the form of walks, dance, playing of football, basketball and so on. Please read on types and importance of exercise here.
Bad habits such as smoking, drinking of alcohol, gambling and so on should be avoided at all cost.
Family members should be encouraged to drink sufficient water daily rather than sweetened and flavored drinks.
Family members should maintain consistent sleep schedules in a ventilated apartment.
The household should undergo regular check-ups which will include eye examination, dental cleaning and general body test.
Families should reinforce good habits like regular handwashing to prevent the spread of diseases causing microorganisms. Please read on microorganisms causing food,water and air borne diseases
Members of the family should be free and open to discussing any health issues troubling them.
Families should endeavor to spend quality time together through activities like picnics, and other forms of outings. The should also endeavor to have their meals together as this reduces the risk of mood disorders and high-risk behaviors. It also promotes family bond.
Please read on family bond and advantages of living together here.
Personal cleanliness (or personal hygiene) is the act of keeping oneself neat at all times. It involves daily habits that keep your body clean, neat and healthy in order to prevent the spread of germs. It also lowers the risk of infection and builds one's self-esteem. In this regard, an individual's health is largely dependent on the way he or she takes care of himself or herself.
Hygiene is the practice or science of preserving one's health and preventing the spread of diseases. It is achieved by keeping oneself and one's surroundings clean.
Please read on careers in home economics and importance of home economics
Below are the three main reasons why we should carry out personal cleanliness:
Personal cleanliness keeps us away from micro-organisms that make us sick.
It promotes social acceptability and gives confidence to the individual (emotional stability).
Being always clean enhances one's mood, improves self-esteem and generally promote mental well-being.
Please read more on healthy self-esteem and its characteristics here.
Ignorance: This is the lack of understanding the importance of personal cleanliness. In this regard, an individual cannot practice what he or she does not know nor understand.
Nonchallant Attitude. This is when someone neither cares about what he/she wears, nor how they appear/look.
Tradition. Some traditional practices encourage uncleanliness. Please read more on harmful.traditional practices in Nigeria here.
Poor Time Management. Inability to manage one's time effectively can lead to uncleanliness. In this regard, such person may keep procrastinating activities relating to personal cleanliness.
Poverty: A family living in poverty may find it difficult to buy basic cleaning chemicals like bathing soap, toothbrush, toothpaste, shampoo, medicated creams, etc. This may consequently lead to uncleanliness.
Diseases and Mental Illness: Certain diseases lke depression, obesity, acute hemorrhoids, grief and trauma can overwhelm the victim, consequently draining their energy and willingness to care for themselves. Also, mental issues can make an individual forget his or her daily cleanliness routine. You can read on the characteristics of living organisms in basic science here.
Poor Habits: People who grew up without being taught daily hygiene routine like brushing and bathing twice daily may neglect them later in life.
Busy Schedule. A person who is always busy at work may lack enough time to keep his or her home environment clean.
You can attempt Len Academy questions and answers on basic science here.
It makes the body clean and free from germs.
It prevents the outbreak of diseases.
It saves money which would have been used for treatment of infection.
It ensures proper functioning of the organs of the body.
It aids healing rate.
It helps to prolong life.
It improves personal appearance. You can read interesting facts for students here.
Good hygiene creates a good first impression of oneself, which may earn us awards, favors, admirers and friendships in school and work environment.
It lowers stress and help one keep a positive, cheerful and happy mood.
It builds confidence. This is so because looking good and smelling fresh makes one feel proud and confident of himself.or herself.
Please read the continuation of this topic here.
Please read basic science scheme of work for jss1 first term here.
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Amazing facts in Basic Science
According to scientific research, if the first tear drop comes from the right eye, it’s tears of joy. If it comes from the left eye, then it is as a result of pain
Dentistry is the oldest profession in the world. This is considered true because a research conducted by the University of Bologna, Italy on a 14,000-year-old skull found that one rotten tooth in the jaw had been deliberately scoured and scraped with a dental tool
Scientific research has it that the human nose can distinguish more than a trillion different odors
Tigers have striped fur. So also is their skin
The most common wild bird in the world is native to Africa, and it's the red-billed quelea with a population estimated to be around 1.5 billion
Of all animals, mosquitoes hold the record of killing most humans annually. They are responsible for the deaths of 725,000 - 1,000,000 persons yearly
Antibiotics fights and kills bacteria. However, they do nothing to a virus
All insects have six legs. However, dragonfly has six legs but can't walk
The chin is defined as the protruding part of the face below the mouth, formed by the apex of the lower lip. It is shown below:
Interestingly, humans are the only animals with chin
Ripe cranberries will bounce like a ball. For this reason, they are nicknamed 'bounceberries'. They will also float in water
Notable points in Basic Science
We have six classes of food. These are:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats and Oils
Vitamins
Mineral Salts
Water
In humans, roughages are not classified as one of the classes of food. This is so because they aren't digested. Instead, roughages facilitate the movement of bowels in the large intestine (colon); and for this reason, they can become useful in treating constipation.
Food refers to anything that is ingested by living organisms, giving them nutrients and thus enabling them to stay alive.
As an instance, 99% of a panda's diet is bamboo. In this case, bamboo is considered as food to a panda since it provides a source of nutrient and keeps it alive. This is shown in the image below:
The only process in nature that actively enriches our atmosphere with oxygen is photosynthesis. Every other process like respiration, burning and combustion takes away oxygen from it. In addition, they introduce carbon(IV)oxide (CO2) into the atmosphere.
Photosynthesis is also the only process that takes away carbon(IV)oxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.
Photosynthesis is defined as a process by which green plants manufacture food by utilizing carbon(IV)oxide and water in the presence of sunlight.
Oxygen is given off as a by-product of photosynthesis. In regards to this, it is recommended that each person plants a tree.
Matter is composed of particles which can be:
Tightly packed together (as seen in solids).
Loosely packed together (as seen in liquids).
Completely separated (as seen in gases).
The movement of the particles of matter is a function of the overall kinetic energy present in them. You can think of kinetic energy as energy in motion.
An increase in the particles' vibrational, rotational or translational motion will imply an increase in temperature while a decrease in the particles motion (vibrational, rotational and translational) will mean a decrease in temperature. Based on this knowledge, we can therefore define temperature as the measure of the average kinetic energy possessed by the particles of matter.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is a score derived from a set of standardized tests developed to measure a person's cognitive abilities in relation to their age group.
IQ may also be defined as the ratio of mental age (MA) to chronological age (CA) multiplied by 100.
Below are some formulas pertaining Intelligence Quotient:
IQ = MA x 100 ÷ CA
MA = Mental age
CA = Chronological age
IQ above 100 = Brilliance
IQ that equals 100 = Average
IQ below 100 = Below Average