Alfred Ajibola
- 01st January, 2026 @ 01:22 PM
Topics in Agricultural Science
Flowers in Plants, Functions and Pollination The Leaf, Parts and Functions of the Leaf Plant Stem, Types and Functions of the Stem Parts of a Plant: Root, Types and Functions of the Root Ranching, Advantages and Disadvantages of Ranching Ley Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Pastoral Farming: Nomadic Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Mixed Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Agroforestry: Taungya System of Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Principles and Importance of Crop Rotation Multiple Cropping, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages Continuous Cropping, Advantages and Disadvantages Mixed Cropping, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages Arable Farming: Monocropping, Advantages and Disadvantages Types of Agricutural practices in Localities: Shifting Cultivation, Advantages and Disadvantages Types of Agriculture: Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture Branches of Agriculture Meaning, History and Importance of Agriculture Agricultural Science Scheme of Work for JSS1, First Term Digestive system and stomach compartment in ruminantsAcademic Questions in Agricultural Science
The ideal pH for the optimum growth of most agricultural crop is between _____.
A. 1 – 3.5
B. 4 – 5.5
C. 6 – 7.5
D. 8 – 9.5
E. 10 – 11.5
F. 12 – 13.5
People who go about their lives by raising and herding livestock such as cattle, sheep and goats are said to practice _____.
A. Pastoralism
B. Pasturalism
C. Herding
D. Herdsmen
E. Animalism
F. Anime Farming
The act of giving birth in pigs is called _____.
A. Calving
B. Piggery
C. Kidding
D. Farrowing
E. Calfing
F. Pigging
Which of the following is not a vegetable?
A. Cashew
B. Cocumber
C. Tomatoes
D. Carrot
E. Squash
F. Eggplant
All plants are crops.
A. True
B. False
In agriculture, macronutrients are essential nutrients required by plants. Which of the following is not a macronutrient?
A. Zinc
B. Sulphur
C. Calcium
D. Phosphorus
E. Potassium
F. Magnesium
Which of the following is false concerning micronutrients?
A. They are non-essential nutrients
B. They are required by plants in minute quantities
C. Iron is a micronutrient
D. Chlorine is a micronutrient
E. Copper is a micronutrient
F. Boron is a micronutrient
_____ is a term that describes the biological, chemical and cultural control tactics employed to make pest management economical, environmentally friendly and socially acceptable.
A. Integrated Pest Management
B. Integral Pest Management
C. International Pest Management
D. Inclusive Pest Management
E. Imbibed Pest Management
F. Inclusion Pest Management
Agriculture can be categorized into two types based on the purpose or aim of the farmer. These are:
Subsistence Agriculture
Commercial Agriculture
Subsistence agriculture is defined as type of farming whereby a farmer grow crops and rear livestock for himself and his household.
Please read on the the meaning, history and importance of agricultural here.
It requires a small area or piece of land.
It requires little capital or finance. Please read on finance as a factor of production in agriculture here.
There is low level of crop production.
The farmer uses his family for labor.
The farmer makes use of simple and crude farm tools. Please read on agricultural tools and their uses here.
There is usually little or nothing left for sale.
Agricultural chemicals e.g fertilizers and pesticides are hardly used.
Mixed cropping is mostly practiced.
Please read on mixed cropping in agriculture here.
Commercial agriculture is defined as a type of agriiculture in which a farmer produces food in large quantities for sale with the purpose of making profit.
It requires a large area of land.
It requires large capital investment.
The farmer makes use of skilled labor. Please read on labor as a factor of production in agriculture here.
It requires special marketing training and strategies.
The farmer makes use of modern farming equipment like tractors, mowers, harvesters, etc. Please read on agricultural machines and their uses here.
Commercial farmers may earn foreign exchange.
The farmer focuses on planting only one type of crop. Simply put, monocropping is practiced in commercial farming. Please read on monocropping in agriculture here.
Chemicals like fertilizers and pesticides are utilized.
Technology enables consistent output throughout the year.
It utilizes a large area of land for either crop or livestock production for massive output.
Please read on pastoral farming in agriculture here.
The table below shows the differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture:
| Subsistence Agriculture | Commercial Agriculture |
| It requires a small piece of land | It requires a large piece of land |
| It requires little capital, finance or investment | It requires large capital, finance or investment |
| The farmer typically uses his family for labor | The farmer makes use of skilled and hired labor |
| The farmer makes use of simple and crude farm tools | The farmer makes use of modern equipment and agricultural machines |
| Agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers are not used | Chemicals like fertilizers and pesticides are utilized |
| There is usually little or nothing left for sale | The farmer grow crops or rear animals specifically for sale |
| It does not require special marketing strategy | Special marketing trainings and strategies are required |
| The farmer typically practices mixed cropping | The farmer typically practices monocropping, monoculture or sole cropping |
| The consistency of output may vary throughout the year | Output are usually consistent throughout the year |
Please read week 3 topic for jss1 first term here.
Please read agricutural scheme of work for jss1 first term here.
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Amazing facts in Agricultural Science
Cows technically have one stomach, not four. However, a cow's stomach has four compartments. These are: rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum
Peanuts are legumes and not nuts
Although plants neither see nor hear, they can recognize their siblings and even give them preferential treatments
Squirrels do plant more trees (through their actions) than an average human in their lifetime. They often hide their acorns and nuts underground and forget about them
Cows have got the ability to walk up stairs, but not down stairs
A group of cows is called a team, drove or herd.
People just prefer to call them herd
Notable points in Agricultural Science
Below are characteristics of gymnosperms:
Their seeds have cones that protect them.
Sepals and petals aren't present in their cones.
Stigma and style are absent.
They do not produce fruits. Only seeds are formed.
Companion cells are absent.
Sporophyll form the cones.
Anther and filament are absent.
The ovules are not present in the ovary.
Gymnosperms do not possess flowers.
Please read on the anatomical differences between gymnosperms and angiosperms here
The flower is the reproductive organ in plants' sexual reproduction. In order to achieve a successful sexual propagation or reproduction in plants, the floral parts of the flower are utilized.
The floral parts of a flower consists of the followings:
Sepals
Petals
Stamen
Carpel
The stamen is male portion of a plant. It consists of the anther and filament.
The carpel (or pistil) is the female portion of the plant. It consists of the stigma, style and ovary.
An organism will be considered a pest if it does one of the followings:
Attack crops and eat its seeds, roots, stem, leaves and flowers. Examples are locust and grasshoppers.
Cause damage to stored food, fruits or other agricultural produce. Some may even urinate or deaficate on these products. Examples are rodents, cockroaches and mice.
Attack and kill farm animals like goats, sheep and cattle. Examples are foxes, wild cats and snakes.
Act as disease vectors. A vector is an organism that carries parasite and other disease causing organisms, without being affected; but when they introduce the parasites into their host, such host becomes infected with disease. Examples of vectors are rodents and mosquitoes.
Below are the classification of crops based on their uses:
Oil crops
Vegetable crops
Latex crops
Drug and Medicinal crops
Beverage crops
Fibre crops
Fruit crops
Root and Tubers
Legumes
Spices
Cereals
All crops are plants but not all plants are crops. Below are some instances:
Weeds are considered as plants, not crops.
Parasitic plants are not necessarily crops. Examples of parasitic plants include mistletoe, corpse flower and striga.
Carnivorous or insectivorous plants are not necessarily crops. Examples are sundew, venus flytrap and pitcher plant. The image below shows a carnivorous plant (venus flytrap).
Meanwhile, always understand that all crops are plants, and they are grown for food, money or something beneficial.