Alfred Ajibola
- 01st January, 2026 @ 01:29 PM
Topics in Agricultural Science
Flowers in Plants, Functions and Pollination The Leaf, Parts and Functions of the Leaf Plant Stem, Types and Functions of the Stem Parts of a Plant: Root, Types and Functions of the Root Ranching, Advantages and Disadvantages of Ranching Ley Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Pastoral Farming: Nomadic Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Mixed Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Agroforestry: Taungya System of Farming, Advantages and Disadvantages Principles and Importance of Crop Rotation Multiple Cropping, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages Continuous Cropping, Advantages and Disadvantages Mixed Cropping, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages Arable Farming: Monocropping, Advantages and Disadvantages Types of Agricutural practices in Localities: Shifting Cultivation, Advantages and Disadvantages Types of Agriculture: Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture Branches of Agriculture Meaning, History and Importance of Agriculture Agricultural Science Scheme of Work for JSS1, First Term Digestive system and stomach compartment in ruminantsAcademic Questions in Agricultural Science
The ideal pH for the optimum growth of most agricultural crop is between _____.
A. 1 – 3.5
B. 4 – 5.5
C. 6 – 7.5
D. 8 – 9.5
E. 10 – 11.5
F. 12 – 13.5
People who go about their lives by raising and herding livestock such as cattle, sheep and goats are said to practice _____.
A. Pastoralism
B. Pasturalism
C. Herding
D. Herdsmen
E. Animalism
F. Anime Farming
The act of giving birth in pigs is called _____.
A. Calving
B. Piggery
C. Kidding
D. Farrowing
E. Calfing
F. Pigging
Which of the following is not a vegetable?
A. Cashew
B. Cocumber
C. Tomatoes
D. Carrot
E. Squash
F. Eggplant
All plants are crops.
A. True
B. False
In agriculture, macronutrients are essential nutrients required by plants. Which of the following is not a macronutrient?
A. Zinc
B. Sulphur
C. Calcium
D. Phosphorus
E. Potassium
F. Magnesium
Which of the following is false concerning micronutrients?
A. They are non-essential nutrients
B. They are required by plants in minute quantities
C. Iron is a micronutrient
D. Chlorine is a micronutrient
E. Copper is a micronutrient
F. Boron is a micronutrient
_____ is a term that describes the biological, chemical and cultural control tactics employed to make pest management economical, environmentally friendly and socially acceptable.
A. Integrated Pest Management
B. Integral Pest Management
C. International Pest Management
D. Inclusive Pest Management
E. Imbibed Pest Management
F. Inclusion Pest Management
Pastoral farming refers to an extensive system of livestock production, (but may sometimes be intensive, as seen in the case of using fenced areas with close management and high inputs to raise livestock).
Pastoral farming is also termed as livestock farming or livestock grazing. The farmer rears only grazing livestock like goats, sheep, and cattle for products such as meat, milk, wool, hides and skin.
Please read on agroforestry and taungya system of farming here.
Pastoral farming is defined as a system of agriculture that focuses on raising livestock (like cattle, sheep and goats) for products such as meat, milk, hides, skin and wool, through livestock grazing on grass or forage crops, resulting from nomadic herding or even permanent ranching.
Pastoral farming requires a large land area where animals feed, and in most cases, will involve the movement of group of animals (herds) to find green pastures.
Please read on mixed farming here.
Pastoral farming involves using large areas of land called rangeland or grazing land which contains forage that are fed upon by livestock.
Pasture refers to a specific field or area of land covered with grasses, legumes, and other plants where animals graze. Pastures are often fenced, and the livestock are intensively managed in this fenced land.
There are three types of pastoral farming. These are:
Nomadic Farming or Herding
Ley Farming (Rotational Pasture)
Ranching
Nomadic farming, also termed as nomadic pastoralism requires a farmer to move from one place to another in search of food (pastures and water) for his livestock. This movement is determined by the seasons. In West Africa, these are the rainy and dry seasons respectively.
Please read on crop rotation explained with its principles and importance here.
It prevents the starvation and death of animals.
It requires less capital since there isn't a need for expensive structures, equipment, or technology. Please read on agricultural tools and their uses here.
Nomadic farmers make a living without establishing a fixed farmland.
The ability to move with the seasons allow nomads to follow green pastures for their livestock, ensuring they have access to necessary grazing lands.
Since the farmers move about with their livestock, grazed land are allowed to recover over a period of time. Please read on shifting cultivation here.
Nomadic farmers make decent profit from the sale of their livestock and its byproducts.
The products derived from the nomadic farmer's livestock tend to have better quality compared to sedentary livestock farming.
The frequent walking of the nomads can serve as an exercise which can become beneficial to their health.
Please read interesting facts for students here.
There is no regular supply of food and water. As a result, the livestock often rely on seasonal rains. Please read on water as a factor of production in agriculture here.
Animals are exposed to injuries, pest, diseases, adverse weather conditions, and consequently death.
The herdsmen are exposed to all sorts of danger.
Clashes between herdsmen and crop farmers may arises.
They are not often considered in the government's budgetary plans. Please read on the role of government in agriculture here.
Diseases can easily spread among the livestock.
Poor quality and under size animals may be produced.
The livestock, and even the farmer may be attacked by a wild animal.
It can lead to desertification and erosion as a result of continuous grazing of animals, especially when they are many. Please read on forest management practices in agriculture here.
It can adversely affect biodiversity and the natural ecosystem. Please read on agricultural ecology and farm ecosystem here.
It may be difficult to provide adequate healthcare services to the nomads and their livestock.
The nomads often have difficulties accessing stable markets. Please read on agricultural marketing here.
Nomadic lifestyle make the acquisition of education and knowledge difficult.
Please read the continuation of this topic here.
Please read agricultural science jss1 topic for first term, week 10 here.
Please read agricultural science scheme of work for jss1 first term here.
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Amazing facts in Agricultural Science
Cows technically have one stomach, not four. However, a cow's stomach has four compartments. These are: rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum
Peanuts are legumes and not nuts
Although plants neither see nor hear, they can recognize their siblings and even give them preferential treatments
Squirrels do plant more trees (through their actions) than an average human in their lifetime. They often hide their acorns and nuts underground and forget about them
Cows have got the ability to walk up stairs, but not down stairs
A group of cows is called a team, drove or herd.
People just prefer to call them herd
Notable points in Agricultural Science
Below are characteristics of gymnosperms:
Their seeds have cones that protect them.
Sepals and petals aren't present in their cones.
Stigma and style are absent.
They do not produce fruits. Only seeds are formed.
Companion cells are absent.
Sporophyll form the cones.
Anther and filament are absent.
The ovules are not present in the ovary.
Gymnosperms do not possess flowers.
Please read on the anatomical differences between gymnosperms and angiosperms here
The flower is the reproductive organ in plants' sexual reproduction. In order to achieve a successful sexual propagation or reproduction in plants, the floral parts of the flower are utilized.
The floral parts of a flower consists of the followings:
Sepals
Petals
Stamen
Carpel
The stamen is male portion of a plant. It consists of the anther and filament.
The carpel (or pistil) is the female portion of the plant. It consists of the stigma, style and ovary.
An organism will be considered a pest if it does one of the followings:
Attack crops and eat its seeds, roots, stem, leaves and flowers. Examples are locust and grasshoppers.
Cause damage to stored food, fruits or other agricultural produce. Some may even urinate or deaficate on these products. Examples are rodents, cockroaches and mice.
Attack and kill farm animals like goats, sheep and cattle. Examples are foxes, wild cats and snakes.
Act as disease vectors. A vector is an organism that carries parasite and other disease causing organisms, without being affected; but when they introduce the parasites into their host, such host becomes infected with disease. Examples of vectors are rodents and mosquitoes.
Below are the classification of crops based on their uses:
Oil crops
Vegetable crops
Latex crops
Drug and Medicinal crops
Beverage crops
Fibre crops
Fruit crops
Root and Tubers
Legumes
Spices
Cereals
All crops are plants but not all plants are crops. Below are some instances:
Weeds are considered as plants, not crops.
Parasitic plants are not necessarily crops. Examples of parasitic plants include mistletoe, corpse flower and striga.
Carnivorous or insectivorous plants are not necessarily crops. Examples are sundew, venus flytrap and pitcher plant. The image below shows a carnivorous plant (venus flytrap).
Meanwhile, always understand that all crops are plants, and they are grown for food, money or something beneficial.