Biology

Forebrain: Lobes of the Cerebrum and their Functions

len Alfred Ajibola - Thu, 06th February, 2020 @ 14:31

Topics in Biology

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Academic Questions in Biology

Please check out our Test Your Knowledge page to see all Questions and Answers

_____ cells are responsible for the formation of osteoblasts.

  • A. Osteocytes

  • B. Chondrocytes

  • C. Chondroblasts

  • D. Osteoclasts

  • E. Osteoprogenitor cells

  • F. Osteoblastic

_____ is a bone that constitute the axial skeleton.

  • A. Clavicle

  • B. Scapula

  • C. Patella

  • D. Radius

  • E. Sternum

  • F. Femur

Which of the following is false concerning cartilages and bones?

  • A. Cartilage does not have a direct blood supply while bones have direct blood supply

  • B. The process of ossification replaces a cartilage to bone

  • C. The protein that makes up cartilage is called chondrin while that that makes up bone is called ossein

  • D. Cartilage grows from both ends while bones grow from one of its epiphysis

  • E. They both have living cells within them

  • F. Haversian system is absent in cartilage but present in bones

A diagram showing the movement of energy through a food chain is called a _____.

  • A. Food Chain

  • B. Food Web

  • C. Food Energy

  • D. Food Link

  • E. Food Flow

  • F. Food Pyramid

Which of the following is NOT a part of the wrist bones (or carpal bones)?

  • A. Cuboid

  • B. Scaphoid

  • C. Hamate

  • D. Triquetral

  • E. Pisiform

  • F. Trapezium

The statements below are true concerning arteries except _____.

  • A. The arterial wall has 4 layers

  • B. Tunica Adventitia is the outermost layer of an artery

  • C. Aorta is the largest artery in the human body

  • D. Pulmunary artery conveys deoxygenated blood

  • E. Internal bleeding will occur when a deeply located artery is broken

  • F. Arterial vascular disorders are worsened in people with diabetes and renal failure

The following statements are true concerning blood vessels except _____.

  • A. They are comprised of arteries, veins and capillaries

  • B. Problems associated with blood vessels are called vascular disorders

  • C. All veins carry blood towards the heart

  • D. Capillaries are found at cellular level

  • E. Arteries usually divide to form arterioles

  • F. Arterioles give rise to capillaries

Food Pyramid - Len Academy

The above diagram shows a _____.

  • A. Food Chain

  • B. Food Web

  • C. Food Flow

  • D. Food Energy

  • E. Food Pyramid

  • F. Food Hierarchy

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The Forebrain:

The forebrain, also called the prosencephalon is the largest part of the brain. It consists of the cerebrum, thalamus and hypothalamus.

The cerebrum is the largest part of the forebrain (and the entire brain itself). It occupies the largest portion of the cranium and is divided into two halves which are termed cerebral hemispheres. (They are the right and left cerebral hemispheres). Both hemispheres are joined by a bundle of fibres called Corpus Callosum.

Please read on the Cranium and all 206 Bones comprising the Human Skeleton here.

The image below shows both cerebral hemispheres and the corpus callosum:
Human Brain Gyri and Sulci - Len Academy

Note: A function of the corpus callosum is to transmit nervous information between both cerebral hemispheres.

Each cerebral hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body; and are composed of four distinct lobes. The image below shows the 4 lobes of the cerebrum alongside a summary of their functions:
Lobes of the Cerebrum - Len Academy

The cerebral lobes are:

  1. Frontal Lobe
  2. Parietal Lobe
  3. Temporal Lobe
  4. Occipital Lobe

    5. Please read on the Cerebellum and Lobes of the Cerebellum here.


Functions of the Frontal Lobe

  1. It's an area of the brain for making judgement.

  2. It controls our emotions.

  3. The Broca's Area of the frontal lobe aid in writing and speaking.

  4. It is responsible for planning, problem solving, concentration, self awareness and intelligence.
    Please read on the Uniqueness of Man here.

  5. This lobe of the brain controls our personality.
    Please read on the Leadership Qualities of Joseph that has transformed Lives here.

  6. It plays a part in speech and body movement.
    Please read on the Functions of the Human Skeleton here.


Functions of the Parietal Lobe

  1. Interpretation of language.

  2. Interpretation of visual and audio signals as received from the sense organs (eyes and ears).

  3. It enables us to sense external stimuli like touch, pressure, pain and temperature.
    Please read on the Basic Characteristics of Life here.


Functions of the Temporal Lobe

  1. The Wernicke's Area of the temporal lobe helps us to understand language.

  2. It aids hearing and listening.
    You can read on Cooperation and Factors that Promotes Cooperation here.

  3. The hippocampus of the temporal lobe is a center of memory and organization.
    You can Attempt LEN ACADEMY Questions on various Subjects here.

  4. The amygdala, present in the temporal lobe is a center for our moods. For instance, anxiety, depression and emotions.

Note: Present in the temporal lobe of the brain are the hippocampus, amygdala, epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, cingulate gyrus, mammillary body and parahippocampal gyri. Together, these are referred to as the Limbic System and they are crucial for the processing functions of the memory.

The image below shows the Limbic System of the Temporal Lobe:
Limbic System - Len Academy


The thalamus is a small structure found between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain. It is a heterogeneous assembly of organized nuclei composed mainly of gray matter.

You can read on the Midbrain, its Divisions and Functions here.

  • The main function of the thalamus is to receive, process and transmit sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex. The thalamus also aid in the regulation of the "mood" functions like, arousal, consciousness, sleep and alertness.

    • Please read on the Male Reproductive System here.


The hypothalamus is a portion of the forebrain made up small group of nuclei with various functions.

The hypothalamus is located just below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. This is shown in the diagram below:
Thalamus, Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland - Len Academy

The main function of the hypothalamus is to create a link between the nervous system and endocrine system via the pituitary gland. For this reason, it is crucial in homeostatic roles via the release of hormones and temperature regulation.

Please read more on Negative Feedback in Homeostasis here.


Function of the Occipital Lobe

  1. It assists in the interpretation of light and color. In short, the occipital lobe interprets everything seen by the eyes.

  2. The occipital lobe also aid in motion perception.
    You can read on Force and Motion here.


Functional Summary of the Cerebrum

  1. Initiation and coordination of voluntary bodily activities. For instance, the fine control of hand and feet movements during sewing.

  2. It performs higher functions like vision and hearing.

  3. It controls speech and learning.

  4. It acts as a center of emotion.

  5. It controls reasoning and remembering.

  6. It plays a part in mood control.

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Alfred Ajibola is a Medical Biochemist, a passionate Academician with over 7 years of experience, a Versatile Writer, a Web Developer, a Cisco Certified Network Associate and a Cisco CyberOps Associate.

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Amazing facts in Biology

Armadillos - Len Academy

Armadillos are western mammals known for their unique armor-like shell which are bulletproof

Polka-dotted zebra - Len Academy

Although 🦓 zebras 🦓 are known for their characteristics black and white stripes, we still have some polka-dotted zebras

Charles Darwin is a British naturalist and biologist who contributed greatly into the study of evolution. According to research, he frequently ate the animals he studied

Lungs are the only human organ that can float on water

Unlike most 🐍 snakes 🐍 that lay eggs, anacondas give birth to live babies

Shrimp - Len Academy

A 🦐 shrimp's 🦐 heart is in its head

Women have more pain receptors than men

It's crucial you finish your antibiotics.

If you stop taking your antibiotics before you're supposed to, any bacteria that didn't get killed can develop an immunity to that antibiotic and become a super-strain, making it much difficult to kill in the future. So keep taking your antibiotics pill, even if you feel better.

Although rare, women can still give birth when they die. This is known as coffin birth

Men can actually get aroused post moterm. This is called priapism

NOTABLE POINTS IN Biology

For a thing to be considered Living, it must possess all the Basic Characteristics of Life. These include:

  1. Movement

  2. Respiration

  3. Nutrition

  4. Irritability or Sensitivity

  5. Growth

  6. Excretion

  7. Reproduction

  8. Death

  9. Adaptation

  10. Competition

Please read the explanations on all the Basic Characteristics of Life here

During strenuous exercises like sprinting or 🏃 running, your body may actually work in the shortage of oxygen. During this time, your body owes oxygen (called oxygen debt) and it must be replenished or repayed after the exercise is stopped. This is why you breathe excess of oxygen after you stopped the exercise.

This is the concept of anaerobic respiration

Food Chain - Len Academy

A food Chain is a diagram that shows the relationship between plants and animals within a habitat on the basis of how they rely on each other for food.

Note: Habitat is a place where an organism live. It is of three types:

  • Terrestrial (Land)

  • Aquatic (Water)

  • Arboreal (🌲 Treetops)

You can read on Food Chain here

The term Biology originated from two Greek words. They are:

  • Bios: means life.
  • Logos: means knowledge or to study.

Biology can therefore be defined is the study of life

Anything that has life is generally considered as a living organism (or organism) 🌱🐐🐓. All living organisms must be able to carry the following activities:

  1. Movement
  2. Respiration
  3. Nutrition
  4. Irritability or Sensitivity
  5. Growth
  6. Excretion
  7. Reproduction
  8. Death
  9. Adaptation
  10. Competition

The above listed points are often regarded as the basic characteristics of life. You can memorize them using the acronym (MR. NIGER DAC).

You can read on the introduction to Biology and the basic characteristics of life here

The gas used in the manufacture of food by plants is Carbon dioxide or Carbon(IV)oxide or CO2

Plants manufacture food through a process called photosynthesis.

Please read on photosynthesis here

Note: Plants are the only orgnisms that take away CO2 from the atmosphere