Topics in Basic Science
Importance of immunization Types of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides Carbohydrates: Disaccharides and Oligosaccharides Len Academy Examination Questions for Basic Science, JSS2, 2nd Term Len Academy Examination Questions for Basic Science, JSS3, 3rd Term Len Academy Examination Questions for Basic Science, JSS3, 2nd Term Primates: Characteristics of Primates Effects of improper waste management Waste Management: Causes of waste in the society Concept of mass and weight Mineral Salts: Sources, functions and deficiencies of macronutrients Sources, functions and deficiencies of micronutrients Len Academy questions for Basic Science JSS1, second Term Len Academy mid-term test questions for Basic Science JSS1, 2nd Term Micro organisms causing food, water and air borne diseases Vector borne organisms and the diseases they cause Bones of the Human Skeleton Meaning of Drugs, Type of Drugs and Side effects of Drugs What is immunization? How immunization works and the processes involved Food: What is food?Academic Questions in Basic Science
Vaccination involves a process of introducing pathogens or germs into a person in order to prevent such person from the diseases they cause.
A. True
B. False
With regards to the human health, foreign bodies are best regarded as _____.
A. International bodies
B. Antilators
C. Antibodies
D. Antigens
E. Antibiotics
F. Antidotes
Disease causing organisms are termed _____.
A. Pests
B. Pathogens
C. Vectors
D. Insects
E. Disease carriers
F. All the above options are correct
____ is formed from a reaction utilizing oxygen and glucose in the mitochondria of cells.
A. Galactose
B. Fructose
C. Sucrose
D. AMP
E. ADP
F. ATP
Which of the following statement is false concerning carbohydrates?
A. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only
B. Carbon has the highest ratio of the constituent elements of carbohydrates
C. All carbohydrates are sugars
D. Fructose is a carbohydrate
E. Natural milk contains lactose and it's a carbohydrate
F. Fatty foods contains high calories of energy when compared to the same quantity of carbohydrate foods
Which of the following is a class of food?
A. Water
B. Fibre
C. Roughages
D. Latex
E. Tanins
F. Wax
Brachiation is a specialized form of movement exhibited by _____.
A. Human beings
B. Babbons
C. Chameleons
D. Toads
E. Millipedes
F. Birds
_____ is a form of locomotion whereby an organism move by means of its two hind limbs.
A. Pedalism
B. Duo Pedalism
C. Double Pedalism
D. Dual Pedalism
E. Bipedalism
F. Copedalism
One of the ways to eradicate diseases in our world today is via an efficient and effective waste management system.
Waste Management can be defined as the process of collecting, processing, recycling and controlling any material considered as waste.
Please read on the effects of improper waste management here.
In a country like Nigeria, massive tons of waste are produced yearly. However, less than 20% of these wastes are recycled (as at February 12, 2019). This is one reason why a variety of wastes are visible on some major roads and areas of residence within the Lagos metropolis. These wastes also litter on roadside, in landfills, gutters and ditches. Apparently, this is generally bad for the society because:
These wastes block drainages, hence resulting to flooding, especially during the rainy seasons.
Please read more on erosion here.
They generate bad smells which can be dangerous to health.
They constitute nuisance and eyesore.
They become homes to various disease causing organisms.
Please read on vectors of diseases here.
Meanwhile, recall that wastes are generated from homes, factories, markets, hospitals, schools, industries and many other places. Apart from the fact that it’s an eyesore, these wastes will adversely affect national growth and development.
Please read on the functions of government here.
Wastes can be classified into various types. Some of these classifications include:
In Nigeria, we see various persons on dump sites in search of recyclable wastes which they will sell off to manufacturing factories. Examples of recyclable waste include, iron, aluminum, plastics, tin, batteries and computer accessories.
Please read more on production here.
Products that comprise green waste will include fresh leaves and wastes from the kitchen. Meanwhile, understand that these green wastes can be broken down by micro-organisms.
Please read the agricultural terms and meanings here.
It is important to state that feces is not a metabolic waste since it isn't a product of metabolism. You can think of metabolism as the processes that concerns the breaking down and building up of substances in organisms. To this end, feces are simply considered as undigested materials that weren't absorbed into the body system in the first place.
Please read on the basic characteristics of living organisms here.
A waste is considered to be radioactive if they contain radionuclides at a concentration greater than their clearance values as stipulated by a country's regulatory authority.
Since radioactive products are generated via nuclear fusion and nuclear fission reactions, they are therefore regarded as waste products from both reactions (nuclear fusion and fission respectively). By-products of nuclear power are typical examples of radioactive wastes in our world.
Radioactive waste can be classified into the followings:
Very Low-Level Waste (VLLW).
Low- and Intermediate-Level Waste - Long Lived (LILW-LL).
High Level Waste (HLW).
Chemical wastes are required to be carefully disposed by the factories that manufacture them since some can be toxic.
Examples of chemical waste include batteries, reagents, oils, solvents, substances containing lead and mercury, Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), acids, bases, salts and so on.
Please read on the physical and chemical properties of acids here.
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Amazing facts in Basic Science
Ripe cranberries will bounce like a ball. For this reason, they are nicknamed 'bounceberries'. They will also float in water
Tomatoes and Avocados are fruits, not vegetables
Sweat in itself doesn't smell. The smell that accompanies sweat is actually caused by the presence of bacteria on your skin. This bacteria breaks the sweat coming out of your sweat pores down into acids, thus making it smell.
Deodorants contains alcohol and are antibacterial. They work by killing the bacteria that makes sweat smell
Chewing aspirin during a heart attack may be a life saver. This is true because the drug inhibits platelets from forming a clot that can block an artery of the heart, thus stopping a heart attack
The kneecaps of newly born babies are not made of bone. Rather, they are little bits of cartilage which ossifies (turns from cartilages to bone) from age 2 to 6
Ice cubes made with fresh water are white in color while those made with boiled water are crystal clear
Cats are unable to taste sweet things
Apples float on water. Other fruits that float on water include lemons, bananas, pears, and oranges
Rain water is said to be pure because it's colorless, odourless and tasteless. Interestingly, it also contains vitamin B12.
Vitamin B12 is an important nutrient that keeps the blood cells and neurones healthy. It also assist in building the DNA (a genetic material present in the cell's nucleus). Vitamin B12 also aid in the prevention of megaloblastic anemia which makes people weak and tired
Rasceta is the name given to the lines on your palm
NOTABLE POINTS IN Basic Science
The uniqueness of man can be defined as that which makes man distinct from every other animal and living organism.
Humans are higher animals when compared to other animals.
Under the classification of living organisms, humans belong to an order termed primates and thus share the same characteristics (as primates). In addition to these features, they also have their unique characteristics.
Waste Management can be defined as the process of collecting, processing, recycling and controlling any material considered as waste.
Improperly disposed waste litters on road sides, in land fills, gutters and ditches. They are generally bad for the following reasons:
The waste block drainages hence resulting to flooding, especially during the rainy seasons.
Please read on erosion here.
They generate bad smells which can be dangerous to health.
They constitute nuisance and eyesore.
They become homes to various disease causing organisms.
Please read on vectors of diseases here.
Wastes can be classified into various types. These are:
Biodegradable waste
Non-Biodegradable waste
Refuse
Sewage
Recyclable waste
Electronic waste
Green waste
Biomedical waste
Metabolic waste
Radioactive waste
Chemical waste
Animal product waste
Please read the explanations on the classification of wastes here
The African Star Apple is a seasonal fruit that grows abundantly in Nigeria and other West African Countries. It's fondly called African Cherry, Agbalumo or Udara in some parts of Nigeria.
Below are some benefits of the African Star Apple:
It contains high amount of vitamin C
It contains a high amount of calcium
It contains high amount of potassium
It is a powerful antioxidant
It aids in weight reduction
It contains a high amount of iron
Its leaves, fruits and seeds are medicinal
It aids digestion and prevents vomiting
Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharides joined together; thus are also referred to as double sugars.
Disaccharides are often added as sweeteners to food; for instance, the table sugar called sucrose is a disaccharide often used by us to sweeten our tea.
Maltose is another disaccharide used as an ingredient for making malt drinks, chocolates and candies.
The breast milk contains the disaccharide -> lactose.
Lactose is very vital for the normal growth and development of infants.
In adults, disaccharides are non essential nutrients. This implies that we can live without them as adults.
Below is a summary of monosaccharides that make up disaccharides (double sugars).
Maltose = Glucose + Glucose
Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
Other examples of disaccharides include trehalulose and isomaltulose
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