Basic Science

Waste Management: Types of Waste

len Alfred Ajibola - Tue, 12th February, 2019 @ 10:23 AM

Topics in Basic Science

Importance of immunization Types of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides Carbohydrates: Disaccharides and Oligosaccharides Len Academy Examination Questions for Basic Science, JSS2, 2nd Term Len Academy Examination Questions for Basic Science, JSS3, 3rd Term Len Academy Examination Questions for Basic Science, JSS3, 2nd Term Primates: Characteristics of Primates Effects of improper waste management Waste Management: Causes of waste in the society Concept of mass and weight Mineral Salts: Sources, functions and deficiencies of macronutrients Sources, functions and deficiencies of micronutrients Len Academy questions for Basic Science JSS1, second Term Len Academy mid-term test questions for Basic Science JSS1, 2nd Term Micro organisms causing food, water and air borne diseases Vector borne organisms and the diseases they cause Bones of the Human Skeleton Meaning of Drugs, Type of Drugs and Side effects of Drugs What is immunization? How immunization works and the processes involved Food: What is food?

Academic Questions in Basic Science

Please check out our Test Your Knowledge page to see all Questions and Answers

Vaccination involves a process of introducing pathogens or germs into a person in order to prevent such person from the diseases they cause.

  • A. True

  • B. False

With regards to the human health, foreign bodies are best regarded as _____.

  • A. International bodies

  • B. Antilators

  • C. Antibodies

  • D. Antigens

  • E. Antibiotics

  • F. Antidotes

Disease causing organisms are termed _____.

  • A. Pests

  • B. Pathogens

  • C. Vectors

  • D. Insects

  • E. Disease carriers

  • F. All the above options are correct

____ is formed from a reaction utilizing oxygen and glucose in the mitochondria of cells.

  • A. Galactose

  • B. Fructose

  • C. Sucrose

  • D. AMP

  • E. ADP

  • F. ATP

Which of the following statement is false concerning carbohydrates?

  • A. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only

  • B. Carbon has the highest ratio of the constituent elements of carbohydrates

  • C. All carbohydrates are sugars

  • D. Fructose is a carbohydrate

  • E. Natural milk contains lactose and it's a carbohydrate

  • F. Fatty foods contains high calories of energy when compared to the same quantity of carbohydrate foods

Which of the following is a class of food?

  • A. Water

  • B. Fibre

  • C. Roughages

  • D. Latex

  • E. Tanins

  • F. Wax

Brachiation is a specialized form of movement exhibited by _____.

  • A. Human beings

  • B. Babbons

  • C. Chameleons

  • D. Toads

  • E. Millipedes

  • F. Birds

_____ is a form of locomotion whereby an organism move by means of its two hind limbs.

  • A. Pedalism

  • B. Duo Pedalism

  • C. Double Pedalism

  • D. Dual Pedalism

  • E. Bipedalism

  • F. Copedalism

LEN ACADEMY SMART SCHOOL SOFTWARE

Image

Read more on its smart academic features here

Please click here to kindly support education

Waste Management:

One of the ways to eradicate diseases in our world today is to put in place an efficient and effective waste management system.

Waste Management can be defined as the process of collecting, processing, recycling and controlling any material considered as waste.

Please read on the Effects of Improper Waste Management here.

In a country like Nigeria, millions of tons of waste are produced yearly, but the fact is: 'less than 20% of these wastes are recycled' (as at February 12, 2019). This is one reason why lots of waste are visible on the major roads and various areas of residence. These wastes also litter on roadside, in landfills, gutters and ditches. This is generally bad for the society because:

Note: Wastes are generated from homes, factories, market places, hospitals, schools, industries and many other places. Apart from the fact that it’s an eyesore, it will adversely affect national growth and development.

Please read on the Functions of Government here.


Types of Waste

Wastes can be classified into various types. Some of these classifications include:

  1. Biodegradable Waste: These are wastes that can be broken down by the actions of living organisms. Examples include various food materials like yam, rice, beans and orange.
    You can read on the Problems of Agriculture in Nigeria here.

  2. Non-Biodegradable Waste: They are wastes that cannot broken down by the actions of living organisms. Examples are nylons and plastics.

  3. Refuse: They are simply considered as solid wastes. We would normally put them in the dustbin (refuse bin) before they are eventually discarded. Examples are sachets, tins, papers, solid food materials, nylons and so on.
    Please read on the Causes of Waste in a Society here.

  4. Sewage: These are generally considered as liquid wastes. Sewage are often channeled into their appropriate disposal systems via pipes. Examples include waste water (from cooking, bathing, washing and so on), urine and human excreta.

  5. Recyclable Waste: These are waste materials that can be processed into new and useful products. The utilization of recyclable waste are of cost benefits to factories that process them.
    In Nigeria, we see various persons on dump sites in search of recyclable wastes; which they will sell off to manufacturing factories. Examples of recyclable waste include, iron, aluminum, plastics, tin, batteries and computer accessories.
    Please read more on Production here.

  6. Electronic Waste: These are wastes that are associated with various electronic devices like monitors, televisions, keyboards, CPUs and so on. Electronic wastes are also referred to as e-waste.
    Please read the Internet of Things here.

  7. Green Waste: Green wastes are biological in nature and will include any waste that can ferment to form compost. For this reason, they can serve as fertilizers to plants.
    Products that comprise green waste will include fresh leaves and wastes from the kitchen; both of which can be broken down by micro-organisms.
    Please read the Agricultural Terms and Meanings here.

  8. Biomedical Waste: They may also be referred to as hospital waste. They include any waste that contain (or will eventually contain) an infectious substance. They also include laboratory and hospital generated wastes from various test and treatments. Examples of biomedical wastes include syringes, infusion kits, blood, bandages and so on.
    You can read on the Layers of an Artery here.

  9. Metabolic Waste: These are waste that are generated from various metabolic activities in living organisms. Examples are sweat, urine, carbon(IV)oxide, oxygen (in plants) and so on.
    It is important to state that feces is not a metabolic waste since it isn't a product of metabolism. (Think of metabolism as the processes that concerns the breaking down and building up of substances in organisms). To this end, feces are simply considered as undigested materials that weren't absorbed into the body system in the first place.
    Please read on the Basic Characteristics of Living Organisms here.

  10. Radioactive Waste: These wastes can be very dangerous since they contain radioactive materials.
    A waste is considered to be radioactive if they contain radionuclides at a concentration greater than their clearance values as stipulated by a country's regulatory authority.
    Radioactive products are generated via nuclear fusion and nuclear fission reactions; thus are regarded as waste products from both reactions (nuclear fusion and fission). By-products of nuclear power are typical examples of radioactive wastes in our world.
    Radioactive waste can be classified into the followings:
    (a) Very Low-Level Waste (VLLW).
    (b) Low- and Intermediate-Level Waste - Short Lived (LILW-SL).
    (c) Low- and Intermediate-Level Waste - Long Lived (LILW-LL).
    (d) High Level Waste (HLW).

  11. Chemical Waste: These are wastes generated from harmful chemicals (from chemical producing industries).
    Chemical wastes are required to be carefully disposed by the factories that manufacture them since some can be toxic.
    Examples of chemical waste include batteries, reagents, oils, solvents, substances containing lead and mercury, Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), acids, bases, salts and so on.
    Please read on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Acids here.

  12. Animal Product Waste: These are wastes generated or harvested from agricultural animals (livestock) with the exception of meat from the animal's muscle. Examples include blood, milk, eggs and fats.

Please click here to follow Len Academy on Google News.

Please like and follow our official facebook page here for great educational write-ups.

You can follow Len Academy on twitter here.Thank you.

Kindly share this article via the links below:

len

Alfred Ajibola is a Medical Biochemist, a passionate Academician with over 10 years of experience, a Versatile Writer, a Web Developer, a Cisco Certified Network Associate and a Cisco CyberOps Associate.

Please Register here or Login here to contribute to this topic by commenting in the box below.

Amazing facts in Basic Science

Cranberries - Len Academy

Ripe cranberries will bounce like a ball. For this reason, they are nicknamed 'bounceberries'. They will also float in water

Tomatoes and Avocados are fruits, not vegetables

Sweat in itself doesn't smell. The smell that accompanies sweat is actually caused by the presence of bacteria on your skin. This bacteria breaks the sweat coming out of your sweat pores down into acids, thus making it smell.

Deodorants contains alcohol and are antibacterial. They work by killing the bacteria that makes sweat smell

Chewing aspirin during a heart attack may be a life saver. This is true because the drug inhibits platelets from forming a clot that can block an artery of the heart, thus stopping a heart attack

The kneecaps of newly born babies are not made of bone. Rather, they are little bits of cartilage which ossifies (turns from cartilages to bone) from age 2 to 6

Ice cubes - Len Academy

Ice cubes made with fresh water are white in color while those made with boiled water are crystal clear

Cats are unable to taste sweet things

Apples float on water. Other fruits that float on water include lemons, bananas, pears, and oranges

Rain water is said to be pure because it's colorless, odourless and tasteless. Interestingly, it also contains vitamin B12.

Vitamin B12 is an important nutrient that keeps the blood cells and neurones healthy. It also assist in building the DNA (a genetic material present in the cell's nucleus). Vitamin B12 also aid in the prevention of megaloblastic anemia which makes people weak and tired

Rasceta is the name given to the lines on your palm

NOTABLE POINTS IN Basic Science

The uniqueness of man can be defined as that which makes man distinct from every other animal and living organism.

Humans are higher animals when compared to other animals.

Under the classification of living organisms, humans belong to an order termed primates and thus share the same characteristics (as primates). In addition to these features, they also have their unique characteristics.

Please read on man's uniqueness here

Waste Management can be defined as the process of collecting, processing, recycling and controlling any material considered as waste.

Improperly disposed waste litters on road sides, in land fills, gutters and ditches. They are generally bad for the following reasons:

Wastes can be classified into various types. These are:

  • Biodegradable waste

  • Non-Biodegradable waste

  • Refuse

  • Sewage

  • Recyclable waste

  • Electronic waste

  • Green waste

  • Biomedical waste

  • Metabolic waste

  • Radioactive waste

  • Chemical waste

  • Animal product waste

Please read the explanations on the classification of wastes here

The African Star Apple is a seasonal fruit that grows abundantly in Nigeria and other West African Countries. It's fondly called African Cherry, Agbalumo or Udara in some parts of Nigeria.

African Star Apple, Cherry, Agbalumo, Udara - Len Academy

Below are some benefits of the African Star Apple:

  • It contains high amount of vitamin C

  • It contains a high amount of calcium

  • It contains high amount of potassium

  • It is a powerful antioxidant

  • It aids in weight reduction

  • It contains a high amount of iron

  • Its leaves, fruits and seeds are medicinal

  • It aids digestion and prevents vomiting

Please read more on the african star apple here

Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharides joined together; thus are also referred to as double sugars.

Disaccharides are often added as sweeteners to food; for instance, the table sugar called sucrose is a disaccharide often used by us to sweeten our tea.

Maltose is another disaccharide used as an ingredient for making malt drinks, chocolates and candies.

The breast milk contains the disaccharide -> lactose.

Lactose is very vital for the normal growth and development of infants.

In adults, disaccharides are non essential nutrients. This implies that we can live without them as adults.

Below is a summary of monosaccharides that make up disaccharides (double sugars).

  • Maltose = Glucose + Glucose

  • Lactose = Glucose + Galactose

  • Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose

Other examples of disaccharides include trehalulose and isomaltulose